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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Feb;8(2):210–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.12.008

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Etiologies of chest pain without obstructive CAD.

This figure illustrates the varying pathophysiologic mechanisms of chest pain without obstructive CAD grouped into three broad categories: non-cardiac; cardiac ischemic; and cardiac non-ischemic. The contribution of multiple potential pathophysiologies to cardiac syndrome X is highlighted. Microvascular angina overlaps partially with cardiac syndrome X as shown, but has a narrower pathophysiologic basis which is cardiac ischemic in nature..