Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Population by Performance-Based Frailty
| N = 80 | All Participants | Frail (n = 47) | Not Frail (n = 33) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 63% | 55% | 72% | .04 |
| Mean age, y (SD) | 55 (13) | 58 (13) | 53 (12) | .04 |
| Race/ethnicity | .23 | |||
| White | 4% | 6% | 0% | |
| Black | 58% | 62% | 50% | |
| Asian | 26% | 21% | 33% | |
| Hispanic | 11% | 8% | 15% | .37 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 45% | 51% | 36% | .23 |
| Previous or current tobacco use | 50% | 51% | 48% | .74 |
| CVA/TIA | 14% | 13% | 15% | .79 |
| PVD | 13% | 14% | 9% | .41 |
| CHF | 28% | 29% | 24% | .58 |
| Hypertension | 93% | 91% | 94% | .68 |
| Diabetes | 50% | 60% | 36% | .04 |
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (6.9) | 28.8 (7.7) | 24.9 (4.7) | .01 |
| Anterior tibialis muscle area (cm2)* | 9.7 (2.2) | 9.33 (2.4) | 10.2 (2.0) | .13 |
| Quadriceps muscle area (cm2)† | 47.4 (14.7) | 42.3 (9.6) | 53.0 (17.3) | .003 |
| Phase angle (°)‡ | 5.7 (1.5) | 5.24 (1.3) | 6.24 (1.6) | .006 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 48.3 (11.1) | 47.2 (10.2) | 50.0 (12.4) | .32 |
BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
n = 66 for analysis of anterior tibialis muscle area.
†
n = 62 for analysis of quadriceps muscle area.
‡
n = 69 for analysis of phase angle.