Table 2.
Characteristics of Study Population by Functional-Based Frailty
| N = 80 | All Participants | Frail (n = 50) | Not Frail (n = 30) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 63% | 56% | 73% | .12 |
| Mean age, y (SD) | 55 (13) | 56 (13) | 54 (13) | .60 |
| Race/ethnicity | .13 | |||
| White | 4% | 6% | 0% | |
| Black | 58% | 62% | 50% | |
| Asian | 26% | 24% | 30% | |
| Hispanic | 11% | 6% | 20% | .06 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 45% | 46% | 43% | .92 |
| Previous or current tobacco use | 50% | 56% | 40% | .13 |
| CVA/TIA | 14% | 14% | 13% | .90 |
| PVD | 13% | 14% | 10% | .57 |
| CHF | 28% | 28% | 26% | .89 |
| Hypertension | 93% | 92% | 93% | .82 |
| Diabetes | 50% | 52% | 46% | .64 |
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (6.9) | 28.4 (7.5) | 25.2 (5.1) | .04 |
| Anterior tibialis muscle area (cm2)* | 9.7 (2.2) | 9.3 (2.2) | 10.4 (2.0) | .06 |
| Quadriceps muscle area (cm2)† | 47.4 (14.7) | 44.0 (9.8) | 52.7 (19.0) | .02 |
| Phase angle (°)‡ | 5.7 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.5) | 6.1 (1.5) | .04 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 48.3 (11.1) | 47.8 (10.7) | 50.0 (12.0) | .61 |
BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
n = 66 for analysis of anterior tibialis muscle area.
†
n = 62 for analysis of quadriceps muscle area.
‡
n = 69 for analysis of phase angle.