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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Urol. 2014 Aug 9;193(1):338–344. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.009

Modeled focal pressure waveforms for a lithotripsy shock wave (a) and ultrasound burst wave (b). The waveform in (a) approximates the shock from a Dornier HM3 lithotripter, while the burst wave in (b) corresponds with the highest pressure amplitude (p_a = 6.5 MPa) applied in this study. The experimental setup for exposure of stones to burst waves is shown in (c). A focused ultrasound transducer was placed in water tank, and the stone was aligned with the focus using a motorized 3-axis positioning system. The transducer was driven by an amplifier to expose the stone to ultrasound bursts. Fragments were collected in a small container positioned below the stone.

Modeled focal pressure waveforms for a lithotripsy shock wave (a) and ultrasound burst wave (b). The waveform in (a) approximates the shock from a Dornier HM3 lithotripter, while the burst wave in (b) corresponds with the highest pressure amplitude (p_a = 6.5 MPa) applied in this study. The experimental setup for exposure of stones to burst waves is shown in (c). A focused ultrasound transducer was placed in water tank, and the stone was aligned with the focus using a motorized 3-axis positioning system. The transducer was driven by an amplifier to expose the stone to ultrasound bursts. Fragments were collected in a small container positioned below the stone.