Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Features and Neuropsychological Measures (Means, Standard Deviations, and Group Differences)
| Features/Measures | Parkinson’s Disease | Control Subjects | Group Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male:Female | 11:10 | 12:8 | ns |
| Age (Years) | 64.0 (8.1) | 65.3 (5.7) | ns |
| Education (Years) | 14.6 (3.8) | 15.1 (2.5) | ns |
| Mini Mental State Examination | 28.9 (1.2) | 29.3 (.9) | ns |
| Duration of Symptoms (Years) | 10.8 (4.9) | – | – |
| UPDRS I: Mentation, Behavior and Mood | 8.8 (4.9) | – | – |
| UPDRS III: Motor | 20.6 (7.7) | – | – |
| Hoehn and Yahr Scale | 1.9 (.4) | – | – |
| Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale | 86.5 (5.9) | – | – |
| Levodopa Actual Dose (mg/day) | 393.4 (221.0) | – | – |
| Levodopa Equivalent Dose (mg/day) | 632.6 (310.6) | – | – |
| Beck Depression Inventory II | 9.9 (5.5) | 3.8 (3.9) | p < .001 |
| Epworth Sleep Scale | 9.3 (5.3) | 5.1 (2.9) | p < .01 |
| Insomnia Severity Index | 9.2 (5.8) | 3.1 (2.8) | p < .001 |
| REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Questionnaire | 6.4 (2.9) | 2.0 (1.5) | p < .001 |
| Spot-the-Word Test | 112.8 (13.6) | 121.2 (10.3) | p < .05 |
| Category Fluency Test | 20.6 (4.9) | 24.3 (6.7) | p < .05 |
| Letter Fluency Test | 17.0 (5.6) | 18.1 (4.5) | ns |
| Forward Digit Span | 7.0 (1.1) | 7.2 (.8) | ns |
| Backward Digit Span | 5.4 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.3) | ns |
| Simple Reaction Time (msec) | 293.7 (53.0) | 314.4 (71.8) | ns |
| Choice Reaction Time (msec) | 353.4 (47.3) | 392.2 (70.0) | p < .05 |
Group difference: p values of chi-squared or two-sample t tests as appropriate (two-tailed; ns, p > .1).
ns, not significant; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.