Table 2.
NIPPV and intubation demographics
| Characteristics | Primary intubation ( n = 110) | Failed NIPPV ( n = 125) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reason for NIPPV | |||
| Hypoxemia | - | 55.9% (66) | - |
| Hypercapnea | - | 25.4% (30) | - |
| Work of breathing | - | 8.5% (10) | - |
| Other | - | 10.2% (12) | - |
| Duration of NIPPV | - | - | |
| Mean/median (h) | - | 12.3/5.8 | - |
| Reason for intubationa | <0.001 | ||
| Airway protection | 26.4% (29) | 6.4% (8) | |
| Respiratory failure | 62.7% (69) | 91.2% (114) | |
| Patient control | 1.8% (2) | 0.8% (1) | |
| Hemodynamic instability | 5.5% (6) | 0.8% (1) | |
| Severe metabolic acidosis | 3.6% (4) | 0.8% (1) | |
| Method of intubation | 0.25 | ||
| RSI | 73.6% (81) | 69.6% (87) | |
| SED | 25.5% (28) | 30.4% (38) | |
| OTI | 0.9% (1) | 0.0% (0) | |
| Operator PGY level | 0.27 | ||
| 1 | 12.8% (14) | 7.2% (9) | |
| 2 | 21.1% (23) | 16.0% (20) | |
| 3 | 14.7% (16) | 12.8% (16) | |
| 4 | 21.1% (23) | 29.6% (37) | |
| 5 | 16.5% (18) | 24.8% (31) | |
| 6 | 11.9% (13) | 8.8% (11) | |
| Attending | 1.8% (2) | 0.8% (1) |
aReason for intubation includes airway protection in which the patient is unable to protect the airway from aspiration of secretions; respiratory failure, which includes all etiology of respiratory failure; patient control which is defined as agitation, danger to self, or to facilitate evaluation/procedures; hemodynamic instability, which is defined as shock and severe metabolic acidosis.
NIPPV, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation; RSI, rapid sequence intubation; SED, sedation-only intubation; OTI, orotracheal intubation without medication; PGY postgraduate year.