Table 2.

Measurements of selected landmarks of craniofacial bones of control, Tgfbr2^f/f; Wnt1-Cre (R2 CKO), and Tgfbr2^f/f;Wnt1-Cre;Alk5^f/+ (R2 CKO;R1^+/−) mice at E18.5.

	Point	Control (mm)	R2 CKO (mm)	R2 CKO; R1+/− (mm)	Tgfβ signaling involved
Premaxilla	1–5	0.94±0.05	0.84±0.05*	0.98±0.02	non-canonical
	1–6	1.84±0.09	1.44±0.09*	1.79±0.05	non-canonical
	5–6	0.96±0.04	0.72±0.06*	0.87±0.03	non-canonical
	3–6	1.93±0.10	1.70±0.15	1 78±0.08	non-canonical
	L3-R3	2.14±0.04	2.48±0.34	257±0.11	non-canonical
	3–4	1.74±0.08	1.40±0.16*	1.61±0.09	non-canonical
Maxilla	5–10	2.63±0.03	2.10±0.27*	2.25±0.11	non-canonical
	L3-R3	5.43±0.11	4.60±0.23	5.13±0.26	non-canonical
	3–7	2.63±0.27	1.87±0.38*	2.51±0.17	non-canonical
	1–10	1.84±0.10	1.52±0.01	1.52±0.06	non-canonical
Palatine	1–4	1.84±0.10	1.13±0.17*	1.42±0.10*	non-canonical
	3–5	1.22±0.04	0.68±0.17*	1.11±0.04	non-canonical
	L3-R3	2.54±0.10	2.00±0.29	2.40±0.01	non-canonical
	1–7	0.43±0.06	0.40±0.02	0.39±0.05	non-canonical
Frontal	1–2	36.2±0.03	3.08±0.10	3.75±0.22	canonical
	L1-R1	1.68±0.18	3.01±0.35*	2.42±0.13*	canonical
	L2-R2	2.70±0.16	3.71 ±0.35	4.10±0.47	canonical
	3–4	1.52±0.06	0.56±0.20*	1.01±0.06*	non-canonical
Mandible	1–9	5.62±0.17	4.01 ±0.39*	5.00±0.15	non-canonical
	1–15	4.52±0.16	3.08±0.16*	3.87±0.16	non-canonical
	9–15	1.01±0.06	0.98±0.11	1.10±0.06	non-canonical
	L9-R9	5.52±.0.21	4.41 ±0.36	5.05±0.15	non-canonical

^*p< 0.01.