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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2015 Jan 29;38(4):217–225. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.01.002

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Major pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying MOP receptor (blue icon) control of VTA neurons. MOP receptor control of VTA neurons can have a net excitatory effect (directly by increasing Ca++ channel (yellow icon) conductance or indirectly by inhibiting GABA release) or a net inhibitory effect (directly by activating K+ channels (gray icon) or indirectly by inhibiting glutamate release).