APPENDIX TABLE 1.
Outcome variables after the Norwood procedure
| Outcome | N | n | Definition/comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality, 30 day | 549 | 63 | Includes 4 subjects who died after discharge |
| Hospital mortality | 549 | 88 | Mortality during or after the Norwood procedure until discharge or stage II operation |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 549 | 14 | Defined as pneumatosis intestinalis or free air |
| Hepatic failure | 549 | 16 | AST, ALT, GGT >500 units |
| Mediastinitis | 549 | 15 | Deep sternal wound infection demonstrating sternal instability or requiring surgical incision and drainage |
| Catheter intervention | 549 | 38 | Transcatheter interventions (38 subjects) included: balloon dilation and/or stent of shunt (14), balloon dilation and/or stent of branch pulmonary artery (5), balloon dilation of the aorta (2), balloon dilation of the aortic valve (1), atrial radiofrequency ablation (1), innominate artery stent (3), device placed (1) and multiple interventions (11) |
| Central nervous system injury | 549 | 47 | Defined as intracranial bleed or stroke confirmed by imaging, clinical or EEG seizure. Imaging was per clinical team |
| Renal failure | 549 | 46 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, tripling of creatinine over <7 days or dialysis |
| Sepsis | 549 | 93 | Confirmed positive blood culture |
| ECMO after Norwood procedure | 549 | 56 | Postoperative ECMO, excluding patients placed on ECMO during Norwood procedure |
| CPR | 549 | 97 | Postoperative CPR (defined as chest compressions), excluding CPR during Norwood procedure |
| Fractional area change | 452 | Predischarge ECHO | |
| TR ≥2.5 mm | 471 | 112 | Predischarge ECHO showing TR jet ≥2.5 mm on one of two views |
| Log time to first extubation, d | 447 | Deaths (88) and transplants (9) were excluded. Five subjects had insufficient data. Log transformed data was used for analyses | |
| Log length of ventilation, d | 451 | Deaths (88) and transplants (9) were excluded. One subject had insufficient data. Log transformed data was used for analyses | |
| Log hospital length of stay, d | 452 | Discharge includes subjects transferred to other institutions. Subjects who died (88) or were transplanted (9) were excluded. Log transformed data was used for analyses. |
N, Number of patients in analysis; n, number of patients with outcome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; EEG, electroencephalogram; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECHO, echocardiogram; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.