In vivo activity of AAA+ domains of FlgR and DctD. Activity of full-length FlgR, the FlgR AAA+ domain, and the DctD AAA+ domain on a dctA′-′lacZ reporter gene in E. coli. Gray bars, activity for culture in which the expression of the FlgR or DctD proteins was induced with IPTG; black bars, activity for cultures in which the expression of the proteins was not induced with IPTG. Lanes 1 and 2, activity for full-length FlgR; lanes 3 and 4, activity for the FlgR AAA+ domain; lanes 5 and 6, activity for the DctD AAA+ domain.