Table 5.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics in treatment groups adjusted for BMI (n = 206).
| Parameters | Normal (BMI ≤ 30), n = 50 | Obese (BMI > 30), n = 156 | P valued | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Mean ± SD | P valuea | P valueb | P valuec | Mean ± SD | P valuea | P valueb | P valuec | |
| Total weight gain in pregnancy (Kg) | <0.01* | ||||||||
| Metformin alone | 10.53 ± 0.87 | 0.031* | 9.66 ± 2.30 | 0.664 | |||||
| Metformin + insulin | 9.12 ± 1.31 | <0.01* | 10.82 ± 0.84 | 0.011* | |||||
| Insulin alone | 11.71 ± 0.95 | <0.01* | 11.82 ± 0.84 | <0.01* | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Pharmacotherapeutic characteristics | |||||||||
| Insulin: mean dose units/day | 0.519 | ||||||||
| Metformin alone | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Metformin + insulin | 27.63 ± 6.03 | — | 22.84 ± 3.78 | — | |||||
| Insulin alone | 75.52 ± 14.93 | <0.01* | 78.18 ± 12.06 | <0.01* | |||||
| Mean gestational age when insulin started (weeks) | <0.01* | ||||||||
| Metformin alone | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Metformin + insulin | 28.31 ± 1.95 | — | 26.20 ± 4.06 | — | |||||
| Insulin alone | 8.48 ± 2.50 | <0.01* | 9.84 ± 5.69 | <0.01* | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Metformin alone | Metformin + insulin | Insulin alone | P value | Metformin alone | Metformin + insulin | Insulin alone | P value | ||
| (n = 13) | (n = 16) | (n = 21) | (n = 3) | (n = 74) | (n = 79) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Maternal characteristics | |||||||||
| Pregnancy Induced Hypertension | 0.011* | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 (7.7) | 1 (6.2) | 5 (23.8) | 0.238 | 0 (0) | 20 (27.0) | 31 (39.2) | 0.035* | |
| No | 12 (92.3) | 15 (93.8) | 16 (76.2) | 3 (100) | 54 (73.0) | 48 (60.8) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Neonatal characteristics | |||||||||
| NICU stay | 0.249 | ||||||||
| Yes | 7 (53.8) | 2 (12.5) | 11 (52.4) | 0.029* | 0 (0) | 19 (25.7) | 58 (73.4) | <0.01* | |
| No | 6 (46.2) | 14 (87.5) | 10 (47.6) | 3 (100) | 55 (74.3) | 21 (26.6) | |||
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | 0.699 | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 (30.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (23.8) | 0.066 | 0 (0) | 7 (9.5) | 25 (31.6) | <0.01* | |
| No | 9 (69.2) | 16 (100) | 16 (76.2) | 3 (100) | 67 (90.5) | 54 (68.4) | |||
P value calculated by using Mann-Whitney U test∖Chi-square∖Fisher Exact test.
aComparison between means of metformin alone and metformin + insulin groups.
bComparison between means of metformin alone and insulin alone groups.
cComparison between means of metformin + insulin and insulin alone groups.
dComparison between BMI with parameters only.
*Significant level ≤0.05.