Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents with MDD and HC participants
| MDD All (n = 52) |
MDD Med (n = 16) |
MDD No Med (n = 36) |
HC (n = 27) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 15.69 ± 1.71 | 16.10 ± 1.13 | 15.50 ± 1.90 | 16.32 ± 2.10 |
| Gender (male/female) | 11/41 | 3/13 | 8/28 | 8/19 |
| IQ mean ± SD | 104.85 ± 14.99*
(n = 48) |
110.60 ± 13.72 (n = 15) |
102.24 ± 15.01*
(n = 33) |
111.38 ± 11.05 (n = 24) |
| Right handed, n (%) | 44 (91.67%; n = 48) | 15 (93.75%) | 29 (90.63%; n = 32) | 24 (92.31%; n = 26) |
|
| ||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Caucasian | 36 (69.23%) | 11 (68.75%) | 25 (69.44%) | 16 (59.26%) |
| African American | 6 (11.54%) | 1 (6.25%) | 5 (13.89%) | 1 (3.70%) |
| Hispanic | 5 (9.62%) | 2 (12.50%) | 3 (8.33%) | 2 (7.41%) |
| Asian | 1 (1.92%) | 0 | 1 (2.78%) | 2 (7.41%) |
| Native American | 1 (1.92%) | 1 (6.25%) | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 8 (15.38%) | 3 (18.75%) | 5 (13.89%) | 8 (29.63%) |
|
| ||||
| Medication Class, n (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 13 (25%) | 13 (81.25%) | 0 | |
| Atypical antidepressants | 8 (15%) | 8 (50%) | 0 | |
| Mood stabilizers | 1 (2%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 1 (2%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| Stimulants | 7 (13%) | 5 (31%) | 2 (6%) | |
| Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors |
1 (2%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 1 (2%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
|
| ||||
| Illness History Description, and Details | ||||
|
| ||||
| Duration of current illness (months) mean ± SD |
9.76 ± 11.56 (n = 51) | 10.38 ± 11.46 | 9.49 ± 11.76 (n = 35) | NA |
| Global Assessment of Functioning mean ± SD |
54.35 ± 8.35 | 53.94 ± 8.31 | 54.53 ± 8.47 | NA |
| CDRS T scores mean ± SD | 77.29 ± 6.13(n = 46) | 78.16 ± 7.40 (n = 14) | 76.91 ± 5.57 | NA |
| BDI average mean ± SD | 25.54 ± 12.28*** | 24.50 ± 11.03*** | 26.00 ± 12.92*** | 2.33 ± 12.28 |
| Current comorbidity n (%) | 35 (67.31%) | 11 (68.75%) | 24 (66.67%) | NA |
| Comorbid ADHD n (%) | 7 (13%) | 3 (19%) | 4 (11%) | |
| Comorbid anxiety disorder n (%) | 35 (67%) | 10 (63%) | 25 (69%) | |
| Time of TSST | 14:54 (n = 49) | 15:15 | 14:43 (n = 33) | 15:12 (n = 26) |
| Time of MRI | 14:52 (n = 50) | 16:36 | 14:02 (n = 34) | 15:25 (n = 23) |
| Experience with MRI n (%) | 12 (23.08%) | 4 (25%) | 8 (22.22%) | 10 (37.04%) |
| Intracranial volume cm3 (mean ± SD) | 1528 ± 148 | 1540 ± 169 | 1523 ± 140 | 1581 ± 201 |
Note: MDD, Major depressive disorder; HC, healthy control; Med, medicated; No Med, not medicated; CDRS, Children’s Depression Rating Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TSST, Trier Social Stress Test; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
*
p ≤ .05 when compared to healthy controls.
**p ≤ .01 when compared to healthy controls.
***
p ≤ .001 when compared to healthy controls.