Table 1.

Demographics, clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in patients with metastatic ependymoma

Authors	Sex/age, years	Location of tumor	Site of metastasis	Clinical presentation	Initial therapy	Number of recurrences	Treatment of metastasis	Time elapsed between diagnosis and metastasis	Overall survival
Davis et al. (8)	F/22	Frontal and temporal lobe	Scalp nodule, neck, parotid gland, cervical lymph nodes	Headaches, dysarthria	GTR and XRT	0	Neck dissection and XRT	12 months	54 months
Itoh et al. (9)	M/59	Cerebellar hemisphere	Lungs, subcutaneous tissue	Headache, vomiting, ataxia	Subtotal resection with XRT, recurrence 14 months later at resection site, re-resected followed by XRT and human interferon	1	Cyclophosphamide doxorubicin and etoposide	28 months	36 months
Donepudi et al. (10)	M/57	Parietal lobe	Scalp nodule, right parotid gland, cervical lymph nodes	Not described in article	Five intracranial recurrences, initially treated with subtotal resection and XRT with a short course of carmustine, first 4 recurrences treated with GTR, 5th recurrence treated with SRS radiosurgery and 4 cycles of TMZ	5	Superficial parotidectomy and extended modified radical neck dissection, irinotecan and bevacizumab	108 months	180 months
Present study	M/21	Temporal and parietal lobe	Neck, cervical lymph nodes	Severe headaches, neck pain	GTR and XRT; 1st recurrence GTR followed by SRS followed by TMZ for 1 year; 2nd recurrence GTR, followed by SRS, 16 cycles of adjuvant TMZ and bevacizumab were then administered	2	5-FU, followed by etoposide, cisplatin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide	60 months	69 months

F = female, GTR = gross total resection, M = male, SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery, TMZ = temozolomide, XRT = radiation therapy, 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil.