Table 1.

Summary of microengineered organ models

Organ	Incorporated cell types	Demonstrated organ-specific features	References
Liver	Hepatocytes Vascular endothelial cells Fibroblasts	Serum protein synthesis	[53], [54]
		Bile canaliculi	[56], [59]
		Liver sinusoid	[55]
		Liver zonation	[67]
Lung	Airway epithelial cells Alveolar epithelial cells Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells	Airway closure and reopening	[69], [70]
		Small airway protein (CC10) synthesis	[69]
		Alveolar-capillary interface	[71]
		Surfactant production	[49], [71]
		Lung inflammation	[71]
		Extrapulmonary absorption	[71]
Kidney	Renal tubular epithelial cells	Molecular transport	[50], [51]
Gut	Intestinal epithelial cells	Intestinal absorption	[47], [48]
Bone	Osteoblasts Osteocytes	Lacuna-canalicular network	[57]
Breast	Mammary epithelial cells Mammary fibroblasts Vascular endothelial cells	Malignant tumor invasion	[62]
		Cancer metastasis	[66], [68]
Eye	Corneal epithelial cells Vascular endothelial cells	Epithelial barrier function	[52]
Brain	Neurons Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes	Axon-glia interaction	[58]
		Tumor angiogenesis	[60]