TABLE 3.
Up- and downregulated genesa
| Functional category | No. of genes
|
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 min
|
3 min
|
5 min
|
7 min
|
9 min
|
15 min
|
Mid-log
|
||||||||
| + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | |
| Small-molecule degradation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Energy metabolism | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 11 | 17 | 23 | 2 |
| General intermediary metabolism | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Amino acid biosynthesis | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 5 |
| Polyamine synthesis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Biosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic groups, and carriers | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 8 |
| Fatty acid biosynthesis | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Broad regulatory functions | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Signal transduction | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
| Ribosomal protein synthesis and modification | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 43 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Ribosome maturation and modification | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and their modification | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nucleoproteins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DNA replication, restriction/modification, repair | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Protein translation and modification | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| RNA synthesis, RNA modification, and DNA transcription | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Phospholipids | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Degradation of macromolecules | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Membranes, lipoproteins, and porins | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Surface polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and antigens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Surface structures | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 0 |
| Murein sacculus and peptidoglycan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Miscellaneous periplasmic proteins | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Amino acid and amine transport/binding proteins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 0 |
| Cation transport/binding proteins | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 14 |
| Carbohydrate and organic acid transport/binding proteins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Anion transport/binding proteins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Other transport/binding proteins | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 14 | 4 | 12 | 6 | 13 |
| Chaperones, chaperonines, and heat shock proteins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Cell division | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chemotaxis and mobility | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Protein and peptide secretion | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Detoxification | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Pathogenicity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Insertion sequence, plasmid-related function | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Drug/analogue sensitivity and antibiotic resistance | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Conserved hypothetical proteins | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Miscellaneous | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 6 |
| Hypothetical unknown proteins | 4 | 2 | 27 | 23 | 40 | 49 | 58 | 55 | 84 | 65 | 61 | 49 | 33 | 20 |
| Total | 8 | 5 | 79 | 62 | 139 | 139 | 186 | 167 | 254 | 208 | 202 | 168 | 106 | 102 |
a
The number of genes upregulated (+ columns) and downregulated (− columns) at different time points following the addition of ferrous sulfate to a mid-log-phase iron-limited C. jejuni culture is shown. Genes are grouped by functional categories according to the Sanger Center annotation.