Table 4.

Characteristics and frequency distributions (in %) for physical and non-physical violence

	Physical violence				Non-physical violence*
	n	Per cent	χ2	p Value	n	Per cent	χ2	p Value
Gender
Male	2	7.7	0.001	0.980	20	76.9	0.335	0.563
Female	44	7.8			403	71.7
Marital status
Single (never married, divorced or widowed)	22	8.9	0.653	0.419	201	81.0	17.631	0.000
Married	24	7.1			222	65.3
Age groups
≤25	13	8.0	1.443	0.486	131	80.4	29.719	0.000
26–35	22	9.1			187	77.6
>35	11	6.0			105	57.1
Level of education
High school or less	1	14.3	4.560	0.335	1	14.3	17.393	0.002
Vocational school	8	4.8			109	66.1
Community college	28	9.3			223	74.3
Undergraduate	7	6.8			79	76.7
Graduate	2	15.4			11	84.6
Years of experience
≤5	25	13.2	13.000	0.011	170	89.5	67.061	0.000
6–10	11	7.6			101	69.7
11–15	4	5.1			55	70.5
16–20	2	3.8			39	75.0
≥21	4	3.3			58	47.2
Work in shifts
Yes	41	10.7	12.502	0.000	305	79.4	30.745	0.000
No	5	2.5			118	57.8
Department
ER	5	20.0	8.471	0.037	20	80.0	1.431	0.698
ICU	4	16.7			18	75.0
Clinical wards	34	6.9			352	71.8
Other workers	3	6.1			33	67.3
Anxiety level
Extremely high	29	11.9	9.942	0.041	186	76.2	21.311	0.000
High	3	3.7			66	81.5
Moderate	10	5.7			124	70.5
Low	2	3.9			30	58.8
Zero	2	5.6			17	47.2

*Non-physical violence combines verbal abuse, Yi Nao, threats and sexual harassment.

ER, emergency room; ICU, intensive care unit.