TABLE 3—

Results of Multivariate Analysis of the Effects of Texting Bans on Motor Vehicle Crash Hospitalizations for Different Age Cohorts: Health Care Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample, United States, 2003–2010

Variable	Aged 15–21 Years, IRR (95% CI)	Aged 22–64 Years, IRR (95% CI)	Aged ≥ 65 Years, IRR (95% CI)
Primary texting ban	0.92 (0.84, 1.00)	0.91** (0.85, 0.97)	0.91* (0.85, 0.98)
Handheld ban, all drivers	1.09 (0.95, 1.24)	1.31** (1.19, 1.45)	1.10 (0.98, 1.24)
Speed limit ≥ 70 mph	0.72 (0.44, 1.15)	1.36 (0.99, 1.87)	0.72 (0.35, 1.46)
Administrative license revocation	1.22 (0.77, 1.94)	1.57** (1.21, 2.04)	0.99 (0.44, 2.18)
Primary seatbelt law	0.80** (0.71, 0.90)	0.88** (0.82, 0.95)	0.92 (0.83, 1.02)
Illegal per se at 0.08 BAC	1.23** (1.05, 1.43)	1.17** (1.04, 1.30)	1.10 (0.96, 1.27)
Graduated driver licensing law	0.79* (0.64, 0.98)	0.78** (0.68, 0.89)	0.79* (0.68, 0.99)
Gasoline prices, 2010 cents	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)
Per capita income, 2010 dollars	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)
State unemployment rate	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	1.01 (0.99, 1.04)	1.01 (0.99, 1.04)
State population estimates	1.00** (1.00, 1.00)	1.00** (1.00, 1.00)	1.00** (1.00, 1.00)

Note. BAC = blood alcohol concentration; CI = confidence interval; IRR = incidence rate ratio. Each model includes state, month, and year dummy variables as controls and uses total state nonelective hospitalizations as the exposure variable.

*P < .05; **P < .01.