TABLE 1—

Potential Impact of African American Race on Likelihood of Cesarean Delivery: California, 2010

Labored or Did Not Labor	Characteristic	Did Not Labor	Labored
1a: Among all women without previous cesarean, were African Americans more likely to have a primary cesarean.	No previous cesarean	1b: Among all women without previous cesarean, were African Americans more likely to have an elective primary cesarean.	1c: Among all women without previous cesarean who labored, were African Americans more likely to have an emergency primary cesarean
2a: Among all women with previous cesarean, were African Americans more likely to have a repeat cesarean.	Previous cesarean	2b: Among all women with previous cesarean, were African Americans more likely to have an elective repeat cesarean.	2c: Among all women with previous cesarean who labored, were African Americans more likely to have an emergency repeat cesarean.

Note. All women who delivered without laboring had a cesarean delivery by default. “Elective” was not synonymous with a “scheduled cesarean”: elective delivery could occur through cesarean delivery or by the induction of labor, which might result in an emergent cesarean or a vaginal delivery.