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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Sep 16;77(5):493–503. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.025

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Pathways associated with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score in the European-American sample. (A) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling. (B) Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. AC, adenylate cyclase; ACC, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; Ach, acetylcholine; ACHR, acetylcholine receptor; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ADR, adrenergic receptor; AICA, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide; AK, adenylate kinase; AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; AMP, adenosine 5-monophosphate; AQP, aquaporin; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BDK, bradykinin; BDKR, bradykinin receptor; Ca2+, calcium; CALM, calmodulin; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CASP, caspase; CAT1, cationic amino acid transporter-1; CAV1, caveolin-1; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CHIP, C-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein; CNG, cyclic nucleotide gateway; CPT, carnitine palmitoyltransferase; DAG, diacylglycerol; DNM2, dynamin 2; EDG, lysophosphatidic acid receptor; eF4EBP1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4e binding protein; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ESR, estrogen receptor; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GLUT, glucose transporter; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; GYS, glycogen synthase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; HSP, heat shock protein; INS, insulin; INSR, insulin receptor; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; IP3R, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCD, Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase; MKK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NO, nitric oxide; NOSIP, eNOS interacting protein; NOSTRIN, nitric oxide synthase traffic inducer; O2-, superoxide; PI3K, phosphoinositide kinase-3; PCAF, p300/CBP-associated factor; PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PKA, protein kinase A; PKC, protein kinase C; PKG, protein kinase G; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; PP2C, protein phosphatase 2C; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; S-1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate; sGC, soluble guanylyl cyclase; SNF, sucrose non-fermentable; SRC, sarcoma; STK, serine/threonine kinase; SWI, switch; TSC, tumor suppressor complex; VEGF, vascular endothel growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothel growth factor receptor; ZMP, zinc-dependent protease. (The networks were generated through the use of QIAGEN’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA[r]), QIAGEN Redwood City, California; www.qiagen.com/ingenuity).