. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 6.

Published in final edited form as: J Hand Surg Am. 2010 Mar;35(3):359–367.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.12.003

Table 2. Factors Associated with Positive Outcomes.

	Total Abstracts (n = 175)	Positive Outcomes (n = 92)	Non-Positive Outcomes (n = 83)	P value
Country of Journal Origin				0.071^ε
US	63	40 (43%)^†	23 (28%)^‡
Europe	96	45 (49%)^†	51 (61%)^‡
Asia	12	4 (4%)^†	8 (10%)^‡
Other	4	3 (3%)^†	1 (1%)^‡
Language of Article				0.053^ε
English Article	124	71 (77%)^†	53 (64%)^‡
Non-English Article with English Abstract	51	21 (23%)^†	30 (36%)^‡
Mean Number of Wrists per Study ^α	19.8	19.8	19.9	0.987^δ
Complication Rate ^β	17.7%	12.4%	25.8%	0.006^δ
Mean Follow up Time ^γ	71.2	67.7	75.5	0.481^δ
Presence of Statistical Analysis	52	37 (40%)	15 (18%)	0.001^ε
Time to Publication (years) ^π	5.1	5.2	5.0	0.747^δ
Length of Patient Enrollment (years)^Ω	10.0	10.8	9.0	0.264^δ

^†

Data presented as number of positive abstracts (% of total positive abstracts)

^‡

Data presented as number of negative abstract (% of total negative abstracts)

^α

Only includes wrists corresponding to surgical Kienbock's patients

^β

Data presented as the average complication rate for studies with available data; Reported in 54 of 92 studies with positive outcomes (59%) and 35 of 83 studies with non-positive outcomes (42%)

^γ

Data reported in 78 of 92 studies with positive outcomes (85%) and 62 of 83 studies with non-positive outcomes (75%)

^π

Data presented as time from end of patient enrollment to publication; Reported in 47 of 92 studies with positive outcomes (51%) and 40 of 83 studies with non-positive outcomes (48%)

^Ω

Data reported in 47 of 92 studies with positive outcomes (51%) and 40 of 83 studies with non-positive outcomes (48%)

^δ

Statistical analysis using two tailed t-test

^ε

Statistical analysis using chi-squared test