Table 1.
List of KASH and SUN protein associations
| Species | Cytoplasmic Binding proteins | KASH proteins | SUN proteins | Nuclear Binding proteins | Functions | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. cerevisiae | Bbp1 | Mps2 | Mps3 | SPB integrity | Mps2 & Bbp1: coIP, GST pull down (Schramm et al., 2000) Mps2 & Mps3: IF, Y2H (Friederichs et al., 2011) |
|
| Spc24 | Mps2 | Chromosome segregation | Mps2 & Spc24: coIP (Le Masson et al., 2002) | |||
| Actin | Csm4 | Mps3 | Ndj1 | Meiotic telomere movement Meiotic telomere tethering |
Actin & Csm4: mutant animal study (Conrad et al., 2008; Kosaka et al., 2008; Wanat et al., 2008) Csm4 & Mps3: coIP (Conrad et al., 2008) Mps3 & Ndj1: coIP (Conrad et al., 2008; Kosaka et al., 2008) |
|
| Mps3 | Sir4, ribosome biogenesis factors | Telomere tethering Protection of telomeres from transcription |
Mps3 & Sir4: coIP (Bupp et al., 2007) Mps3 & Ribosome biogenesis factors: coIP (Horigome et al., 2011), Y2H (Horigome et al., 2011) |
|||
| Mps3 | Telomerase, Ku70, Ku80 | Telomere tethering Protection of telomeres from transcription |
Mps3 & telomerase: IF of reporter (Schober et al., 2009), GST pull down (Antoniacci et al., 2007) Mps4 & K70/Ku80: IF of reporter (Antoniacci et al., 2004), mutant animal study (Oza et al., 2009) |
|||
| Mps3 | Replication factor C, Htz1 | DNA damage response | Mps3 & Replication factor C, Htz1: CoIP, in vitro coupling (Haas et al., 2012) | |||
| Mps3 | Eco1/Ctf7 | Chromosome tethering Sister chromatin cohesion |
Mps3 & Eco1/Ctf7: GST pull down, coIP (Antoniacci et al., 2004) | |||
| S. pombe | Dynein (Dlc1) | Kms1 | Sad1 | Bqt1, Bqt2 | Meiotic telomere movement Meiotic telomere tethering |
Dlc1 & Kms1: Y2H (Miki et al., 2004), IF (Yoshida et al., 2013) Kms1 & Sad1: Y2H (Miki et al., 2004) Sad1 & Bqt1/2: IF, coIP, mutant animal study (Chikashige et al., 2006) |
| Cut12, Pcp1 | Kms2 | Sad1 | SPB integrity and tethering | Cut12 & Kms2: IF, GST pull down (Walde and King, 2014) Kms2 & Sad1: IF (King et al., 2008) |
||
| Sad1 | Csi | Centromere tethering | Sad1 & Csi1: coIP (Hou et al., 2012) | |||
| D. melanogaster | Yuri Gagarin, dynein, dynactin | Spag4 | Centriolar coupling during spermatogenesis | Yuri Gagarin, dynein, dynactin & Spag4: IF (Kracklauer et al., 2010) | ||
| Microtubule | Klarsicht | Klaroid | Lam Dm0 | Nuclear migration during eye development | Microtubule & Klarsich: IF (Fischer et al., 2004; Patterson et al., 2004) Klarisicht & Klaroid: mutant animal study (Kracklauer et al., 2007) Klaroid & Lam Dm0: IF (Patterson et al., 2004) |
|
| Actin | MSP-300 | Klaroid | Lam Dm0 | Nuclear anchorage in muscle fiber | Actin & MSP-300: IF, in vitro coupling (Volk, 1992) MSP-300 & Klaroid: mutant animal study (Technau and Roth, 2008) |
|
| Klar | MSP-300 | Klaroid | Lam Dm0 | Microtubule coupling | MSP-300 & Klar: coIP (Elhanany-Tamir et al., 2012) | |
| C. elegans | Actin | Anc-1 | Unc-84 | Ce-Lamin | Nuclear anchorage | Actin & Anc-1: in vitro coupling (Starr and Han, 2002) Anc-1 & Unc-84: mutant animal study (Starr and Han, 2002) Unc-84 & Ce Lamin: mutant animal study (Lee et al., 2002) |
| Rpm1 | Anc-1 | Positive regulation of Bar-1 during neuronal development | Rpm1 &Anc1: coIP (Tulgren et al., 2014) | |||
| Dynein (DLC-1/BICD-1/Nud-2) | Unc-83 | Unc-84 | Ce-Lamin | Nuclear migration of hypodermal cells | Dynein & Unc-83: GST pull down, coIP (Fridolfsson et al., 2010) Unc-83 & Unc-84: mutant animal study (Starr et al., 2001) |
|
| Kinesin (KLC-2) | Unc-83 | Unc-84 | Ce-Lamin | Nuclear migration of hypodermal cells | Kinesin & Unc83: GST pull down, coIP, IF (Meyerzon et al., 2009) | |
| Zyg-12A | Zyg-12 | Sun1/MTF1 | Centrosome nucleus coupling | Zyg-12A & Zyg12: coIP (Malone et al., 2003) Zyg12 & Sun1/MTF: mutant animal study (Malone et al., 2003) |
||
| Dynein (DLI-1/Lis-1/Arp-1/DHC1) | Zyg-12 | Sun1/MTF1 | Him-8, Zim1, Zim2, Zim3 | Meiotic chromosome movement Meiotic chromosome tethering |
Dynein & Zyg12: IF, mutant animal study (Malone et al., 2003; Sato et al., 2009; Zhou et al., 2009) Sun1 & Him-8, Zim-1,-2,-3: IF (Sato et al., 2009) |
|
| KDP-1 | Sun1/MTF1 | Cell cycle progression | Kdp1 & Sun1/MTF1: Y2H, mutant animal study (McGee et al., 2009) | |||
| Sun1/MTF1 | CED | Recruit CED to nucleus | Sun1 & CED: in vitro coupling (Tzur et al., 2006a) | |||
| D. rerio | LRMP | Pronuclear fusion Centrosome nucleus coupling |
Binding partners unknown (Lindeman and Pelegri, 2012) | |||
| Vertebrate | Actin | Nesprin-1 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear anchorage at the NMJ | Actin & Nesprin-1: in vitro coupling(Padmakumar et al., 2004), IP (Nikolova-Krstevski et al., 2011) Nesprins & Sun1,2: coIP (Crisp et al., 2006; Haque et al., 2006) Sun1,2 & Atype lamins: GST pull down (Crisp et al., 2006), coIP (Haque et al., 2006) |
| Dynein, dynactin | Nesprin-1 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear migration during neuronal development | Dynein & Nesprin-1: IF, IP (Yu et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2009) | |
| Nesprin3 | Nesprin-1 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Regulation of nuclear size | Nepsrin1 & Nesprin3: GST, His-tag pull down, Y2H (Taranum et al., 2012) | |
| Nesprin-1 | Sun3 | Formation of acrosome | Nesprin-1 & Sun3: IF (Gob et al., 2010) | |||
| Actin | Nesprin-2 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear migration during neuronal development | Actin & Nesprin-2: in vitro coupling (Zhen et al., 2002) Nesprin-2 & Sun1/2: coIP (Crisp et al., 2006; Haque et al., 2006) |
|
| Dynein, dynactin | Nesprin-2 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear migration during neuronal development | Dynein & Nesprin-2: IP, IF (Yu et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2009) | |
| Kinesin | Nesprin-2 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear migration during retinal development | Kinesin & Nesprin-2: GST pull down (Schneider et al., 2011), IP (Yu et al., 2011) | |
| Plectin | Nesprin-3 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Intermediate filament coupling | Plectin & Nesprin3: coIP, IF (Ketema et al., 2007; Wilhelmsen et al., 2005) Nesprin3 & Sun1/2: coIP, IF(Ketema et al., 2007) |
|
| Nesprin-3 | Sun1η | Formation of sperm heard | Nesprin3 & Sun1η: IF (Gob et al., 2010) | |||
| KLC-1/kif5b | Nepsrin-4 | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | Nuclear positioning of secretory epithelia cells Nuclear positioning of inner ear cells |
KLC-1 & Nesprin4: coIP, IF (Roux et al., 2009), GST pull down (Wang et al., 2013) Nesprin4 & Sun1/2: IF (Roux et al., 2009) |
|
| Dynein, Dynactin | KASH5 | Sun1 | Meiotic telomere movement | Dynein & KASH5: IP (Morimoto et al., 2012), coIP, IF (Horn et al., 2013b) KASH5 & Sun1: IF (Horn et al., 2013b) |
||
| IP3R | LRMP | Sun1/Sun2 | Lamin A/C | IP3R recruitment to the NE | IP3R & LRMP: coIP, IF (Shindo et al., 2010) LRMP & Sun1: IF (Horn et al., 2013b) |
|
| Nesprin-1/-2 | LaminA/C Emerin | Nesprin-1/Nesprin-2 & LaminA/C: GST pull down (Mislow et al., 2002), coIP, IP (Zhang et al., 2005) Nesprin-1/Nesprin-2 & Emerin: in vitro coupling (Mislow et al., 2002), GST pull down (Wheeler et al., 2007), coIP, IP (Zhang et al., 2005) |
||||
| TorsinA | Nesprin-1/-2/-3 | TorsinA & Nesprins: coIP (Nery et al., 2008) | ||||
| Sun1 | DNAPK, Ku70, Ku80, NAT10 | DNA damage response | Sun1 & DNPK: coIP (Lei et al., 2012) Sun1 & NAT10:coIP (Chi et al., 2007) |
|||
| Sun1/Sun2 | SAMP1 | Cell migration | Sun2 & SAMP1: IF, coIP (Borrego-Pinto et al., 2012) Sun1 & SAMP1: MCLIP(Jafferali et al., 2014) |
|||
| RanGAP | AtWips | AtSun1/2 | LINC | Recruitment of RanGAP | RanGAP & AtWips: IP, IF (Meier et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2007) AtWips & AtSuns: coIP, FRAP (Zhou et al., 2012a) AtSun1/2 & LINC: FRET (Graumann, 2014) |
|
| A. thaliana | WIT1, 2 | AtWips | AtSun1/2 | Actin coupling | AtWit1,2 & AtWips: IP (Zhao et al., 2008) | |
| WIT1, 2 | AtWips | AtSun1/2 | Actin coupling | AtWit1,2 & AtWips: IP (Zhao et al., 2008) |
coIP: co-immunoprecipitation, IF: immunofluorescence, Y2H: yeasttwo-hybrid, IP: immunoprecipitation, MCLIP: Membrane protein cross-link immunoprecipitation