Table 2.
In hospital variables of the Penn and ESCAPE cohorts grouped by diuretic efficiency
| Characteristic | Penn Cohort | p-value | ESCAPE Cohort | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diuretic Efficiency | Diuretic Efficiency | |||||
| Low (n=329) | High (n=328) | Low (n=195) | High (n=195) | |||
| Diuresis Related Variables | ||||||
| Cumulative IV loop diuretic dose (mg) | 460 (200–950) | 200 (80–340) | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Average daily IV loop dose (mg/day) | 80 (40–138) | 35 (18–63) | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Peak IV loop diuretic dose in 24 hours (mg) | 160 (80–260) | 80 (40–124) | <0.001* | 480) | 160 (80–280) | <0.001* |
| Continuous diuretic infusion | 8% | 2% | 0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Adjuvant thiazide diuretic | 22% | 9% | <0.001* | 34% | 25% | 0.034* |
| Time receiving IV diuretic (% of hospitalization) | 69.6 ± 23.1 | 61.0 ± 25.7 | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Net fluid loss (L) | 2.7 (−0.04–5.9) | 5.7 (3.2–9.0) | <0.001* | 3.6 (1.0–6.9) | 5.6 (3.1–10.4) | <0.001* |
| Fluid intake (L) | 7.2 (4.7–11.8) | 6.6 (4.2–10.0) | 0.090 | -- | -- | -- |
| Fluid output (L) | 10.0 (5.9–16.2) | 12.5 (7.8–20.2) | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Average net daily fluid loss (L) | 0.5 (−0.1–0.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | <0.001* | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | <0.001* |
| Diuretic efficiency (mL fluid output/40 mg furosemide equivalents) | 198 (−8.9–347) | 1024 (698–1760) | N/A | -- | -- | -- |
| Estimated peak dose diuretic efficiency (mL fluid output/40 mg furosemide equivalents) | 92.3 (−3.4–174) | 148456 (296–724) | <0.001* | 60 (22–104) | 281 (194–552) | <0.001* |
| In-hospital inotropes | ||||||
| Milrinone | 14% | 16% | 0.69 | 20% | 14% | 0.13 |
| Dobutamine | 2% | 1% | 0.47 | 36% | 21% | 0.001* |
| In-Hospital Maximum Change in Laboratory Variables | ||||||
| eGFR (%) | −18.8 ± 15.8 | −13.0 ± 13.3 | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Worsening renal function | 42% | 28% | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Blood urea nitrogen (%) | 49.4 ± 55.6 | 33.5 ± 44.0 | <0.001* | -- | -- | -- |
| Bicarbonate (%) | 20.7 ± 17.2 | 23.2 ± 51.3 | 0.86 | -- | -- | -- |
| Admission to Discharge Change in Laboratory Variables | ||||||
| eGFR (%) | −1.7 ± 26.6 | 4.9 ± 25.2 | <0.001* | 0.2 ± 33.2 | 0.1 ± 25.8 | 0.97 |
| Worsening renal function | 22% | 11% | <0.001* | 24% | 20% | 0.29 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (%) | 29.9 ± 54.5 | 15.9 ± 48.1 | <0.001* | 22.3 ± 61.4 | 23.0 ± 55.3 | 0.91 |
| Bicarbonate (%) | 11.1 ± 17.7 | 14.1 ± 52.7 | 0.95 | -- | -- | -- |
| Sodium (%) | −0.6 ± 3.3 | −1.1 ± 4.8 | 0.43 | −1.1 ± 3.2 | −1.0 ± 2.8 | 0.69 |
| Hospital Course | . | |||||
| Length of stay (days) | 6 (4–9) | 5 (4–8) | 0.099 | 9 (6–14) | 6 (4–8) | <0.001* |
| Discharge Physical Examination | ||||||
| Jugular venous distention (≥8 cm H2O) | 19% | 21% | 0.563 | 39% | 29% | 0.035* |
| Edema > 1+ | 17% | 15% | 0.38 | 7% | 2% | 0.032* |
| Hepatojugular reflux | 4% | 4% | 0.97 | 22% | 16% | 0.11 |
| Rales | -- | -- | -- | 14% | 4% | <0.001* |
| Ascites | -- | -- | -- | 6% | 2% | 0.034* |
| Right Heart Catheterization Variables at Removal † | ||||||
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | -- | -- | -- | 11.5 ± 8.5 | 7.4 ± 4.1 | <0.001* |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg) | -- | -- | -- | 18.7 ± 7.6 | 15.5 ± 7.0 | 0.027* |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | -- | -- | -- | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 0.52 |
| Systemic vascular resistance (dyn·s/cm5) | -- | -- | -- | 1081 ± 489 | 1135 ± 446 | 0.48 |
eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Significant p value.
†
Data available in n=166.