Table 2.

Effects of acute ACE inhibitor, ARB or bradykinin on infarct size in patients

Study	Clinical scenario	Method to assess endpoint	Dosage	Time of application	Intervention [n]	Placebo [n]	Infarct size [Δ% of placebo]
Bussmann et al., 1995	AMI	CK (max within 48 h)	Captopril, i.v. (2.5–5 mg and 1.5–2 mg·h−1)		22	24	↓13
		CK-MB (max within 48 h)			22	24	↓1
Kurz et al., 2001	AMI	CK (max within 36 h)	Enalaprilat, i.c. (50 μg)		11	11	↓18
		CK-MB (max within 36 h)			11	11	↓17
Shariff et al., 2010	STEMI AMI	Troponin I (max within 24 h)	ACE inhibitor or ARB, oral (drugs and dosage not specified)		66	445	↓33*
Mangiacapra et al., 2013	Elective PCI	hs troponin T (mean of 24 h)	Enalaprilat, i.c. (50 μg)		20	20	↓63*
Boldt et al., 1996	CABG	CK-MB (max within 72 h)	Enalaprilat, i.v. (5 μg·kg−1·min−1)		22	22	↓62*
		Troponin T (max within 72 h)					↓87*
Walter et al., 2002	CABG	CK (within 120 h)	Enalaprilat, oral (20 mg·day−1)		22	21	–
		CK-MB (within 120 h)			22	21	–
		troponin T (within 120 h)			22	21	–
Wei et al., 2004	CABG	CK-MB (within 48 h)	Bradykinin, i.v. (4 μg·min−1)		21	20	↓37*
		Troponin I (within 48 h)			21	20	↓32
Benedetto et al., 2008	CABG	Troponin I (max within 48 h)	ACE inhibitor, oral (drugs and dosage not specified)		245	236	↓33*
Wang et al., 2009	CABG	CK-MB (max within 48 h)	Bradykinin, i.v. (4 μg·min−1)		19	19	↓40*
		Troponin T (max within 48 h)			19	19	↓16

^*P < 0.05 versus placebo.

AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; CK-MB, creatine kinase – muscle, brain; i.c., intracoronary; isch, ischaemia; max, maximum; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; rep, reperfusion; STEMI AMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction.