Table 4.
Toddler autism spectrum disorder subgroup differences in general developmental and autism-specific domains
| Cluster 1 (n = 47) M (SD) |
Cluster 2 (n = 44) M (SD) |
Cluster 3 (n = 95) M (SD) |
F | p | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARS total score | 27.3 (3.64)a | 30.4 (1.73)b | 36.8 (3.43)c | 160 | <.01 | .64 |
| MSEL expressive language age equivalent | 19.9 (9.25)a | 15.1 (9.16)a,b | 13.1 (10.1)b | 6.43 | <.01 | .08 |
| MSEL receptive language age equivalent | 18.1 (10.2)a | 14.2 (9.72)a,b | 12.7 (11.8)b | 3.37 | .04 | .04 |
| MSEL visual reception age equivalent | 21.8 (8.89)a | 19.3 (9.76)a | 14.7 (4.80)b | 11.6 | <.01 | .14 |
| MSEL fine motor age equivalent | 23.0 (10.2)a | 21.4 (8.81)a | 19.9 (11.7)a | 1.18 | .31 | .02 |
| VABS communication standard score | 75.6 (14.3)a | 66.5 (5.28)b | 63.1 (6.59)b | 24.8 | <.01 | .22 |
| VABS socialization standard score | 73.7 (9.35)a | 69.8 (6.36)a,b | 66.6 (8.94)b | 10.7 | <.01 | .12 |
| VABS daily living standard score | 74.1 (12.3)a | 69.3 (6.86)a,b | 68.6 (10.5)b | 4.51 | .01 | .05 |
| VABS motor standard score | 83.7 (11.0)a | 84.7 (10.3)a | 81.3 (13.1)a | 1.39 | .25 | .02 |
| ADI-R socialization total score | 12.1 (4.19)a | 14.0 (3.31)a,b | 15.7 (3.63)b | 11.3 | <.01 | .15 |
| ADI-R communication total score | 8.41 (3.55)a | 10.3 (2.42)b | 11.2 (2.88)b | 10.5 | <.01 | .14 |
| ADI-R SIB total score | 1.81 (1.98)a | 2.30 (1.92)a | 2.81 (2.16)a | 2.39 | .09 | .04 |
Group differences are indicated by subscripts and reflect a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons