Table 3.

Perfusion by group and region (estimated means from a group model comparing perfusion in ALC, PSU, and LD)

		Mean ± Standard Deviation			Effect Size (Cohen’s d)
ROIs & Subregions		ALC	PSU	LD	LD vs. ALC	LD vs. PSU	PSU vs. ALC
BREOS		5562 ± 1421	5943 ± 1455	6640 ± 1430	0.76 *	0.48	0.27
Cortical		5743 ± 1497	6130 ± 1535	7049 ± 1507	0.87 *	0.61	0.26
Subcortical		4061 ± 1258	4293 ± 1287	5017 ± 1269	0.76 *	0.57 *	0.18
Cortical subregions
ACC		5538 ± 1789	5975 ± 1828	6604 ± 1795	0.59 *	0.35	0.24
Dorsal PFC		5446 ± 1343	6222 ± 1369	6464 ± 1353	0.75 *	0.18	0.57
IFG		5597 ± 1682	6045 ± 1716	6657 ± 1697	0.63 *	0.36	0.26
OFC		5546 ± 1574	5542 ± 1609	6432 ± 1590	0.56 *	0.56	0.00
Pars Opercularis		5890 ± 1894	6381 ± 1938	7159 ± 1905	0.67 *	0.41	0.26
Insula		5591 ± 1728	6025 ± 1773	6899 ± 1727	0.76 *	0.50	0.25
Hippocampus		5468 ± 1935	4939 ± 1992	6514 ± 1945	0.54	0.80 *	−0.27 #
Pre-Central		5840 ± 1526	6492 ± 1562	6923 ± 1535	0.71 *	0.28	0.42
Superior Temporal		6175 ± 1775	6726 ± 1812	7326 ± 1786	0.65 *	0.33	0.31
Middle Temporal		7345 ± 1919	7113 ± 1965	7909 ± 1921	0.29	0.41	−0.12
Paracentral		5243 ± 1628	5781 ± 1670	6652 ± 1638	0.86 *	0.53	0.33
Post-Central		6081 ± 1439	6514 ± 1474	7085 ± 1445	0.70 *	0.39	0.30
Inferior Parietal lobule		6067 ± 1823	6469 ± 1866	7752 ± 1827	0.92 *	0.70 *	0.22
Posterior Cingulate		6784 ± 2352	7168 ± 2407	8645 ± 2367	0.79 *	0.62 $	0.16
Isthmus Cingulate		7300 ± 2358	7978 ± 2414	8641 ± 2370	0.57 *	0.28	0.28
Precuneus		6335 ± 1916	6915 ± 1960	7563 ± 1930	0.64 *	0.33	0.30
Cuneus		7148 ± 2090	7168 ± 2141	7880 ± 2093	0.35	0.34	0.01
Lateral Occipital		6080 ± 2044	6417 ± 2095	6509 ± 2039	0.21	0.04	0.16
Lingual		7152 ± 2313	7414 ± 2373	7841 ± 2256	0.30	0.18	0.11
Subcortical subregions
Accumbens Area		5398 ± 1368	4989 ± 1552	5398 ± 1529	0.00	0.28	−0.28 #
Caudate		3843 ± 1363	4338 ± 1393	5217 ± 1379	1.00 *	0.64	0.36
Putamen		5069 ± 1562	4959 ± 1597	6044 ± 1576	0.62 *	0.69 *	−0.07
Pallidum		677 ± 358	733 ± 366	775 ± 361	0.27	0.12	0.16
Thalamus		3762 ± 1304	4205 ± 1300	4901 ± 1260	0.89 *	0.53	0.34

^*significant after correction for multiple comparisons (see Methods)

Pairwise comparisons p-value:

^$p<.04

^#PSU<ALC (p = n.s.)

ALC Individuals dependent on alcohol only

PSU Alcohol dependent individuals with comorbid stimulant dependence

LD Light/non-drinking controls

BREOS Brain Reward/Executive Oversight System

ACC Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Dorsal PFC Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex

IFG Inferior Frontal Gyrus

OFC Orbitofrontal Cortex