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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Jan 21;82:137–146. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.007

Figure 8. Diagram summarizing the effects of HNE on LKB1-AMPK and MEK-Erk1/2 signaling in ARVMs.

Figure 8

HNE inhibits LKB1 and AMPK activities and increases hypertrophic signaling through the mTORC1-P70S6K-RPS6 signaling cascade to promote protein synthesis. Activation of MEK-Erk1/2 signaling didn’t contribute to protein synthesis. The actions of HNE on RPS6 phosphorylation could be prevented with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin but not by knockdown of LKB1 by siRNA, thus suggesting HNE may be acting directly at the level of AMPK.