Figure 2.

Effects of Mn²⁺ on honeybee foraging. (a) Honeybee forager tagged with an RFID transponder. (b) Boxplots show age at onset of foraging for bees treated with 0–50 mM Mn²⁺ (χ² = 25.4634, d.f. = 4, p < 0.0001). Different lower case letters below bars denote statistically different groups. (c) Kaplan–Meier survival curves showing the number of foraging trips completed by honeybees treated with 0–50 mM Mn²⁺ between onset of foraging and death (χ² = 17.6, d.f. = 1, p < 0.0001). (d) Polynomial regression of the relationship between time spent outside the hive per foraging trip and number of foraging trips taken (F_6,393 = 85.55, p < 0.001, R² = 0.51).