Table 3. Sociodemographic and anthropometric predictors of vitamin D status in logistic regression analysis for Ethiopian schoolchildren a .
| Variables (n = 174) | Vitamin D status | COR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deficient | Normal | |||
| Number (%) | Number (%) | |||
| Study setting 1 | ||||
| Rural | 18 (21.2%) | 67 (78.8%) | Reference | Reference |
| Urban | 55 (61.8%) | 34 (38.2%) | 6.02 (3.07, 11.81) | 10.53 (3.94, 28.17) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 22 (29.3%) | 53 (70.7%) | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 51 (51.5%) | 48(48.5%) | 2.56(1.34, 4.83) | 1.76 (0.81, 3.83) |
| Age groups | ||||
| 11–14 | 25 (32.5%) | 52 (67.5%) | Reference | Reference |
| 15–18 | 48 (49.5%) | 49 (50.5%) | 2.04 (1.1, 3.79) | 1.43 (0.66, 3.09) |
| Religion | ||||
| Christians | 49(35.3%) | 90(64.7%) | Reference | Reference |
| Muslims | 24(68.6%) | 11 (31.4%) | 4.01 (1.81, 8.87) | 1.61 (0.6, 4.32) |
| Education (Father) | ||||
| Formal education | 58 (48.3%) | 62 (51.7%) | 2.43 (1.21, 4.87) | 2.4 (0.96, 5.98) |
| No formal education | 15 (27.8%) | 39 (72.2%) | Reference | Reference |
| Education (Mother) 2 | ||||
| No formal education | 22 (28.6%) | 55 (71.4%) | Reference | Reference |
| Formal education | 51 (52.6%) | 46 (47.4%) | 2.77 (1.47, 5.23) | 2.74 (1.23, 6.12) |
| BMI Classification | ||||
| <85th percentile | 64 (39.5%) | 98 (60.5) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥85th percentile | 9 (75%) | 3 (25%) | 4.59 (1.2, 17.62) | 4.67 (0.7, 31.07) |
| TSF Classification 3 | ||||
| <90th percentile | 97 (62.2%) | 59 (37.8%) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥90th percentile | 14 (77.8%) | 4 (22.2%) | 5.96(1.81, 18.31) | 6.1 (1.24, 28.57) |
| Have TV/PC at home 4 | ||||
| No | 19 (23.2%) | 63 (76.8%) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 54 (58.7%) | 38 (41.3%) | 4.71 (2.44, 9.12) | 7.84 (3.19, 19.27) |
| Socioeconomic index 5 | ||||
| Low | 16 (27.6%) | 42 (72.4%) | Reference | Reference |
| Medium | 17 (32.1%) | 36 (67.9%) | 1.3 (0.58, 2.93) | 1.72 (0.59, 5.03) |
| High | 40 (65.6%) | 21 (34.4%) | 5.24 (2.4, 11.42) | 9.4 (3.19, 27.51) |
a Predictors in Table 3 and Table 4 were used simultaneously in the same multivariable logistic regression model.
PC = Personal computer, TV = Television, BMI = Body mass index, TSF = Triceps skinfold thickness. COR = Crude Odds Ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI; confidence interval; BMI = body mass index; TSF = triceps skin fold thickness confidence interval.
Definition (cut-off point) for vitamin D deficiency = serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L.
1 Adjusted for age group, religion, parental education, sun exposure, TV/computer and socioeconomic index.
2 Adjusted for paternal education, sun exposure, setting and socioeconomic index.
3 Adjusted for BMI, sun exposure, setting and socioeconomic index.
4 Adjusted for setting, parental education, sun exposure, and socioeconomic index.
5 Adjusted for setting, parental education, sun exposure and TV/computer.