Table 1.

Clinical experience of LVAD combined with cell therapy.

Study type (Reference)	n	Etiology CMP	Cell type (and timing)	Clinical outcome	Measured effect
Phase I (111)	20	Ischemic and non-ischemic	Allogeneic MPCs (concomitant)	Increased weaning frequency and duration	Safe/efficacy
Case report (105)	1	Dilated	Autologous skeletal myoblasts (+16 months)	LVAD explantation	LVEF increased
Phase I (110)	4	Ischemic	Autologous skeletal myoblasts (concomitant)	1 LVAD explantation, 3 non-cardiac deaths	n = 2 LVEF increased
Case series (108)	2	Ischemic	Autologous BMMNCs (concomitant)	1 Improved perfusion, 1 unknown	Perfusion improved
Case report (107)	1	Ischemic	Autologous skeletal myoblasts (+3 months)	Death + 466 days (sepsis)	Increased EF
Case series (109)	10	Ischemic	Autologous BMMNCs (concomitant)	1 LVAD explantation, 3 HTx, 2 deaths	n = 1 increased EF
Case report (106)	1	Ischemic	Autologous BMMNCs (+99 days)	LVAD explantation	Increased EF and perfusion
Phase I (40)	6	Ischemic	Autologous skeletal myoblasts (concomitant)	4 HTx, 3 deaths	Safe/feasible
Phase I (39)	5	Ischemic	Autologous skeletal myoblasts (concomitant)	3 HTx, 1 DT, 1 death	Safe/feasible

CMP, cardiomyopathy; MPCs, mesenchymal progenitor cells; BMMNCs, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells; HTx, heart transplantation; DT, destination therapy.

Systematic search LVAD/SCT: search detail: “heart-assist devices” [MeSH Terms] OR (“heart-assist devices” [MeSH Terms] OR (“heart-assist” [All Fields] AND “devices” [All Fields]) OR “heart-assist devices” [All Fields] OR (“heart” [All Fields] AND “assist” [All Fields] AND “device”[All Fields]) OR “heart-assist device” [All Fields]) AND (“cell- and tissue-based therapy” [MeSH Terms] OR (“cell-” [All Fields] AND “tissue-based” [All Fields] AND “therapy” [All Fields]) OR “cell- and tissue-based therapy” [All Fields] OR (“cell” [All Fields] AND “therapy” [All Fields]) OR “cell therapy” [All Fields]).

In total: 195 hits, excluding review/animal/Japanese/no combination → 9 included articles.