Figure 1.

Effects of IL-17A and/or TNF-α on extracellular matrix of synoviocytes. FLS were cultured at a density 5 × 10³ cell/cm². (A) In the absence (column 1, negative control as basic DMEM medium without any addition) or presence (column 2) of osteogenic factors. TNF-α 1 ng/ml (column 3) or IL-17A 50 ng/ml (column 4), or both (column 5) were added or not to cultures. After 7, 14, and 17 days, cells were stained with alizarin red and (B) calcium deposits were quantified and analyzed for each condition using the Wilcoxon test *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005 vs. induction medium alone, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.005 TNF-α alone vs. IL-17A and IL-17A + TNF-α, ^###p < 0.0005 IL-17A vs. IL-17A + TNF-α. The bars of each graph represent mean + SEM.