Table 1.
PhenoSense Susceptibility Results for Each of the Six Antiretroviral Drug Classes Prior to the Start of Ibalizumab and Following Virologic Rebound after a Missed Ibalizumab Infusion
Drug Class | June 2009 (fold- resistant) |
June 2009 Interpretation |
March 2010 (fold- resistant) |
March 2010 Interpretation |
Clinical Cutoffs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) | |||||
Abacavir | 20 | R | 12 | R | 4.5-6.5 |
Didanosine | 4.9 | R | 4.1 | R | 1.3-2.2 |
Emtricitabine | >300 | R | 8.7 | R | >3.5 |
Lamivudine | >300 | R | 6.3 | R | >3.5 |
Stavudine | >300 | R | 13 | R | >1.7 |
Zidovudine | >300 | R | 11 | R | >1.9 |
Tenofovir | 8.4 | R | 444 | R | 1.4-4.0 |
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) | |||||
Efavirenz | 5.9 | R | >300 | R | >3.0 |
Etravirine | 0.7 | S | 5.7 | I | 2.9-10 |
Nevirapine | 72 | R | >300 | R | >4.5 |
Protease inhibitors (PIs) | |||||
Atazanavir | 107 | R | 58 | R | >5.2 |
Darunavir | 151 | R | 155 | R | 10-90 |
Fosamprenavir | 143 | R | >300 | R | 4-11 |
Indinavir | 28 | R | 26 | R | >10 |
Lopinavir | 65 | R | 126 | R | 9-55 |
Nelfinavir | 45 | R | 43 | R | >3.0 |
Saquinavir | 35 | R | 31 | R | 2.3-12 |
Tipranavir | 12 | R | 9.8 | R | 2.0-8.0 |
Integrase inhibitors | |||||
Raltegravir | >200 | R | 9.9 | R | 1.5 |
Fusion inhibitors | |||||
Enfuvirtide | 2.1 | S | 40 | R | >9.0 |
CCR5 inhibitors | |||||
Maraviroc | R5+/X4+ | R | R5+/X4+ | R | R5+/X4+ |
Genotypic susceptibility data for the NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs can be found in Table 1 of the Supplementary Materials. Integrase inhibitor susceptibility testing in 2008 and 2009 demonstrated four Raltegravir-resistance mutations: L74M, T97A, Y143C, and S230R. Phenotypic susceptibility testing in 2007 revealed 152-fold decreased Enfuvirtide susceptibility. The presence of CXCR4 tropic virus (X4+) indicates intrinsic nonresponsiveness to Maraviroc and other CCR5 inhibitors