Table 2.
Hemodynamic and echocardiographic variables in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome according to transpulmonary bubble transit
| Transpulmonary bubble transit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent-or-minor | Moderate-to-large | |||
| N a | ( n = 159) | ( n = 57) | p value | |
| Hemodynamic variablesb | ||||
| Heart rate, bpm | 212 | 96 ± 26 | 105 ± 24 | 0.02 |
| Heart rate/respiratory rate ratio | 205 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 0.15 |
| Systolic arterial pressure, mmHg | 205 | 112 ± 20 | 113 ± 22 | 0.94 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 202 | 74 ± 13 | 75 ± 14 | 0.86 |
| Hemodynamic supportb | 216 | |||
| Norepinephrine | 101 (64%) | 35 (61%) | 0.78 | |
| Dobutamine | 6 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 0.63 | |
| Epinephrine | 9 (6%) | 4 (7%) | 0.71 | |
| Echocardiographic variables | ||||
| Superior vena cava respiratory collapsibility, % | 181 | 20 (14%) | 13 (26%) | 0.047 |
| Maximum atrial septal excursion, mm | 162 | 12 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 0.82 |
| E/A ratio | 171 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.02 |
| LV systolic function | 59 | 52 ± 18 | 57 ± 13 | 0.46 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 131 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | <0.01 |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg | 146 | 33 ± 17 | 35 ± 20 | 0.78 |
| Acute cor pulmonale, n (%) | 216 | 35 (22%) | 11 (19%) | 0.56 |
a N, number of patients in which the parameter could be assessed; bhemodynamic variables were recorded at the time of transesophageal echocardiography; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; E/A ratio, ratio of early (E) over late (A) peak velocities at the mitral valve; LV, left ventricle.