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. 2015 Apr 1;10:2653–2672. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S79528

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© 2015 Kuo and Lin. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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(A) Immunochemical staining images of WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes interacting with HBMECs. (a–d) CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (e–h) WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (a) r_CL =0%; (b) r_CL =5%; (c) r_CL =10%; (d) r_CL =20%; (e) C_WGA =2.5 mg/mL and r_CL =10%; (f) C_WGA =2.5 mg/mL and r_CL =20%; (g) C_WGA =5 mg/mL and r_CL =10%; (h) C_WGA =5 mg/mL and r_CL =20%. Green WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes are adjacent to red O-linked N-acetylglucosamine near blue HBMEC nuclei. (B) Fluorescent images of WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes interacting with SK-N-MC cells with an insult of Aβ_1–42. (a) Control; (b–e) CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (b) r_CL =0%; (c) r_CL =5%; (d) r_CL =10%; (e) r_CL =20%; (f) C_WGA =5 mg/mL, r_CL =10%; (g) C_WGA =5 mg/mL, r_CL =20%. The Aβ_1–42 concentration is 10 μM. Green WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes attached on red Aβ_1–42, which is deposited near blue SK-N-MC cell nuclei.

Abbreviations: C_WGA, WGA concentration in grafting medium (mg/mL); r_CL, CL mole percentage in lipids (%); CL, cardiolipin; CUR, curcumin; NGF, nerve growth factor; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; HBMECs, human brain-microvascular endothelial cells; Aβ_1–42, β-amyloid_1–42.

(A) Immunochemical staining images of WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes interacting with HBMECs. (a–d) CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (e–h) WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (a) r_CL =0%; (b) r_CL =5%; (c) r_CL =10%; (d) r_CL =20%; (e) C_WGA =2.5 mg/mL and r_CL =10%; (f) C_WGA =2.5 mg/mL and r_CL =20%; (g) C_WGA =5 mg/mL and r_CL =10%; (h) C_WGA =5 mg/mL and r_CL =20%. Green WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes are adjacent to red O-linked N-acetylglucosamine near blue HBMEC nuclei. (B) Fluorescent images of WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes interacting with SK-N-MC cells with an insult of Aβ_1–42. (a) Control; (b–e) CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes; (b) r_CL =0%; (c) r_CL =5%; (d) r_CL =10%; (e) r_CL =20%; (f) C_WGA =5 mg/mL, r_CL =10%; (g) C_WGA =5 mg/mL, r_CL =20%. The Aβ_1–42 concentration is 10 μM. Green WGA-CL-NGF-CUR-liposomes attached on red Aβ_1–42, which is deposited near blue SK-N-MC cell nuclei.

Abbreviations: C_WGA, WGA concentration in grafting medium (mg/mL); r_CL, CL mole percentage in lipids (%); CL, cardiolipin; CUR, curcumin; NGF, nerve growth factor; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; HBMECs, human brain-microvascular endothelial cells; Aβ_1–42, β-amyloid_1–42.