TABLE 1 ] .

Insomnia Related Molecules (Neurotransmitters and Hormones)

Molecule	Method	Insomnia vs Control Subjects	Reference
Calcium	Blood serum levels	↑	41
γ-Aminobutyric acid	Average brain spectroscopy	↓	44
	Occipital cortex spectroscopy	↑	45
	Anterior cingulate and occipital cortex spectroscopy	↓	46
Melatonin	Evening wake/early sleep blood serum levels	↓	47
	Urinary excretion	Shifted	48
Noradrenaline	Urinary excretion	↓	49
Corticotropin-releasing hormone	Blood serum levels	↑	50
Adrenocorticotropic hormone	Blood serum levels	↓	50
	24-h blood plasma levels	↑	51
Cortisol	Evening and morning salivary levels	↑ (Evening), ns (morning)	49
	Blood serum levels	ns	47
	Salivary levels	ns	52
	Evening and morning salivary levels	ns (Evening), ↓ (morning)	53
	Evening and morning salivary levels	ns	54
	Evening wake/early sleep blood plasma levels	↑	55
	Evening/early sleep blood plasma levels	↑	51
	Blood serum levels	↑	50

↓ = insomnia less than control subjects; ↑ = insomnia greater than control subjects; ns = no significant difference.