Table 2. Characteristics of the patients divided by the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis or the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival biofilm.
| PD (probing depth≧4mm) | PD (EWP) | P.gingivalis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | None | Moderate | Severe | Negative | Positive | ||||
| N | N = 23 | N = 49 | P | N = 7 | N = 60 | N = 5 | P | N = 29 | N = 42 | P |
| Age, years | 52.2 ± 17.0 | 53.9 ± 14.0 | 0.66 | 52.3 ± 19.4 | 53.0 ± 14.4 | 58.8 ± 10.2 | 0.73 | 48.6 ± 15.9 | 57.0 ± 13.3 | 0.02* |
| Female, % | 95.7% (22) | 87.8% (43) | 0.42 | 100% (7) | 93.3% (56) | 40% (2) | 0.0004* | 96.6% (28) | 85.7% (36) | 0.23 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.2 ± 3.6 | 22.2 ± 3.5 | 0.25 | 21.6 ± 2.7 | 22.0 ± 3.7 | 21.6 ± 2.4 | 0.92 | 21.7 ± 4.0 | 22.1 ± 3.3 | 0.63 |
| Smoking (current or ever), % | 21.7% (5) | 32.7% (16) | 0.41 | 42.9% (3) | 25.0 (%) 15) | 60.0% (3) | 0.18 | 31% (9) | 28.6% (12) | 1 |
| Number of tooth brushing /day | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.003* | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.81 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1±0.8 | 0.57 |
| Number of present teeth | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 24.4 ± 4.1 | 0.27 | 25.0 ± 4.3 | 24.8 ± 4.0 | 23.9 ± 3.9 | 0.81 | 25.3 ± 4.5 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 0.51 |
| Probing depth (maximal), mm | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | N.A. | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 0.001* | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Attachment loss (maximal), mm | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 0.0003* | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 0.0003* | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 2.1 | 0.13 |
| Bleeding of probing, % | 3.3 ± 5.1 | 8.2 ± 8.3 | 0.01* | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 6.9 | 16.8 ± 11.2 | 0.002* | 5.3 ± 5.9 | 7.6 ± 8.8 | 0.24 |
| Plaque control record, % | 24.4 ± 15.9 | 28.9 ± 17.5 | 0.3 | 24.1 ± 15.5 | 28.0 ± 17.6 | 26.0 ± 6.6 | 0.93 | 31.6 ± 19.9 | 24.5 ± 14.5 | 0.08 |
| Total bacterial load, arbitrary unit | 1050 ± 470 | 1240 ± 471 | 0.04* | 980 ± 230 | 1180 ± 500 | 1390 ± 400 | 0.25 | 1010 ± 450 | 1290 ± 460 | 0.005* |
| P. gingivalis positive, % | 52.2% (12) | 62.5% (30) | 0.45 | 57.1% (4) | 55.9% (33) | 100% (5) | 0.16 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
| P. gingivalis, arbitrary unit | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.09 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.4±0.3 | N.A. |
| PD (probing depth≧4mm), % | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 0% (0) | 73.3% (44) | 100% (5) | 0.0001 | 62.1% (18) | 71.4% (30) | 0.45 |
| PD (EWP) None, % | 30.4% (7) | 0.0% (0) | N.A. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 10.3% (3) | 9.5% (4) | N.A. |
| PD (EWP) Moderate, % | 69.6%(16) | 89.8% (44) | N.A. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 89.7% (26) | 78.6% (33) | N.A. |
| PD (EWP) Severe, % | 0.0% (0) | 10.2% (5) | N.A. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 0.0% (0) | 11.9% (5) | N.A. |
| Duration of joint symptoms, months | 11.0 ± 17.0 | 34.3 ± 71.9 | 0.13 | 13.1 ± 26.9 | 30.4 ± 65.0 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 0.16 | 29.6 ± 69.5 | 25.5 ± 55.7 | 0.79 |
| Swollen joint count | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 2.9 ± 3.8 | 0.07 | 1.0 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 3.4 | 4.2 ± 4.3 | 0.29 | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 2.7 ± 3.9 | 0.31 |
| Tender joint count | 2.1 ± 2.3 | 3.0 ± 3.3 | 0.27 | 3.1 ± 3.0 | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 5.6 ± 5.4 | 0.46 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 0.86 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 1.6 | 0.81 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.6 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.67 | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.86 |
| Patient's global assessment,mm | 36.5 ± 27.7 | 51.3 ± 27.5 | 0.04* | 40.6 ± 28.1 | 46.1 ± 27.9 | 62.4 ± 23.3 | 0.26 | 43.2 ± 29.1 | 49 ± 28.1 | 0.4 |
| Physician's global assessment,mm | 11.5 ± 12.5 | 24.8 ± 26.1 | 0.03* | 12.9 ± 14.8 | 20.0 ± 22.3 | 39.4 ± 32.9 | 0.36 | 21.3 ± 23.3 | 20.8 ± 24 | 0.93 |
| SDAI | 8.6 ± 7.1 | 14.2 ± 10.4 | 0.02* | 9.5 ± 7.8 | 12.2 ± 9.4 | 20.0 ± 11.8 | 0.33 | 12.0 ± 8.6 | 12.9 ± 10.7 | 0.72 |
| mHAQ | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.44 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.53 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.41 |
| anti-CCP antibody positive, % | 38.1% (8) | 47.9% (23) | 0.6 | 50% (3) | 43.1% (25) | 60.0% (3) | 0.74 | 55.2% (16) | 38.5% (15) | 0.22 |
| Rheumatoid factor positive, % | 47.6% (10) | 47.9% (23) | 1 | 50% (3) | 46.6% (27) | 60.0% (3) | 0.84 | 58.6% (17) | 41.0% (16) | 0.22 |
| RA diagnosis at baseline, % | 43.5% (10) | 40.8% (20) | 1 | 42.9% (3) | 49.0% (24) | 60.0% (3) | 0.68 | 44.8% (13) | 40.5% (17) | 0.81 |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. The difference of continuous variables between two groups were analyzed by students’ t-test and those among three groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages (numbers). The difference of categorical variables between two groups was analyzed by Pearson’s qui-squared test and those among three groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. EWP: periodontitis classification criteria of the 5th European Workshop in Periodontology in 2005; SDAI: simplified disease activity index; mHAQ: modified health assessment questionnaire; N.D.: not determined; N.A.: not assessed
*: p<0.05 Pg was not analyzed in one patient because DNA of subgingival plaque sample was not successfully extracted.