Table 2. Association of chronic kidney disease/ proteinuria with diabetic retinopathy/ vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in a diabetic population.
| Variables | Diabetic retinopathy | Vision-threatening DR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| OR(95% CI) | P | OR(95% CI) | P | OR(95% CI) | P | OR(95% CI) | P | |
| CKD | 2.49(1.43,4.35) | 0.001 | 2.34(1.04,5.28) | 0.041 | 3.74(1.56,8.95) | 0.003 | 2.08(0.50,8.63) | 0.314 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 1.94(1.01,3.72) | 0.046 | 1.50(0.50,4.47) | 0.471 | 3.15(1.00,9.90) | 0.049 | 1.16(0.17,8.15) | 0.879 |
| Proteinuria | 3.28(1.63,6.60) | <.001 | 4.56(1.51,13.77) | 0.007 | 5.52(2.12,14.36) | <.001 | 5.61(1.06,29.87) | 0.043 |
Data are presented as the mean±SE or % (SE). Abbreviation: DR, diabetic retinopathy; VTDR, vision-threatening DR; DM, diabetes mellitus. Model 1: adjusted by age and sex; model 2: adjusted by age, sex, education, smoking status, drinking alcohol, exercise, obesity (BMI), metabolic syndrome components (high waist circumference, low HDL, high glucose, high triglycerides, high blood pressure), DM duration, and HbA1c level.