Table 1. Overview of parenting scales.

Scale	N items	Cronbach’s Alpha	Example of items
Parenting practices a
Monitoring food intake	4	0.76	How often do you keep track of the sweets and the snack food that your child eats?
Responsibility regarding nutrition	2	0.58	How often are you responsible for deciding your child’s portion sizes?
Monitoring physical activity	2	0.67	How often do you keep track of the amount of physical activity your child engages in?
Responsibility regarding physical activity	2	0.91	How often are you responsible for deciding whether your child gets enough physical activity?
Feeding styles b
Control over eating	10	0.73	I allow my child to choose which foods to have for meals.
Instrumental feeding	4	0.69	In order to get my child to behave him/herself I promise him/her something to eat.
Emotional feeding	5	0.83	I give my child something to eat to make him/her feel better when he/she is feeling upset.
Encouragement to eat	8	0.76	I encourage my child to taste foods that he/she has not tasted before
General parenting
Authoritative parenting c	12	0.61	I respect my child’s opinion and encourage him/her to express it.
Authoritarian parenting c	12	0.62	I believe children should not have secrets from their parents.
Psychological control c	8	0.60	I avoid looking at my child if he/she does not see things my way.
Efficacy of and satisfaction with parenting d	16	0.76	Sometimes I feel I’m not getting anything done.

^a5-point Likert scale form disagree to agree

^b5-point Likert scale from never to always

^c5-point Likert sc^ale ^from completely disagree to completely agree

^d6-pont Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree.