Table 1. Sex differences in the numbers of DAPI positive cells, in numbers of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-ir) cells, of perineuronal nets (PNN) and in PV-ir cells surrounded by PN (PV+PNN), and in the intensity and percentage of surface covered by chondroitin sulfate-immunoreactive material (PNN intensity and PNN fraction area) in 4 song control nuclei and 3 auditory and 3 visual areas of the zebra finch brain.
| Absolute cell numbers | Intensity & Area | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAPI | PV | PNN | PV+PNN | Sample Size | PNN intensity | PNN fraction area (%) | Sample Size | |||
| SONG | HVC | Male | 304.41 (17.17) | 16.08 (2.11) | 9.33 (1.91) | 5 (1.39) | n = 6 | 28.97 (1.92) | 60.37 (1.17) | n = 4 |
| CONTROL | Female | 315.67 (21.75) | 21.5 (4.49) | 4.42 (0.61) | 0.58 (0.32) | n = 6 | 17.33 (3.43) | 62.74 (2.56) | n = 4 | |
| NUCLEI | F | 0.25 | 0.93 | 12.34 | 19.43 | 7.73 | 2.48 | |||
| p | 0.626 | 0.357 | 0.006 ** | 0.001 *** | 0.032 * | 0.166 | ||||
| RA | Male | 204.67 (18.78) | 30.58 (5.04) | 10.33 (2.95) | 7.5 (2.50) | n = 6 | 43.45 (4.6) | 59.02 (0.94) | n = 3 | |
| Female | 242.17 (25.00) | 18.00 (2.37) | 6.50 (1.44) | 2.08 (1.25) | n = 6 | 32.30 (2.68) | 56.89 (1.48) | n = 4 | ||
| F | 2.74 | 9.72 | 1.86 | 12.11 | 2.81 | 1.21 | ||||
| p | 0.129 | 0.011 * | 0.203 | 0.006 ** | 0.155 | 0.322 | ||||
| Area X | Male | 203.92 (25.45) | 19.50 (2.44) | 5.00 (2.67) | 1.33 (0.53) | n = 6 | 17.99 (2.34) | 59.06 (1.27) | n = 4 | |
| Female | 214.75 (22.22) | 22.17 (2.52) | 3.00 (0.76) | 1.83 (0.67) | n = 6 | 19.14 (1.68) | 58.45 (1.21) | n = 4 | ||
| F | 0.20 | 1.29 | 7.71 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.43 | ||||
| p | 0.665 | 0.282 | 0.020 * | 0.540 | 0.737 | 0.537 | ||||
| LMAN | Male | 251.42 (30.83) | 29.58 (5.21) | 3.42 (1.05) | 2.83 (0.79) | n = 6 | 41.08 (2.00) | 57.35 (1.59) | n = 4 | |
| Female | 261.50 (22.98) | 50.33 (9.02) | 3.00 (0.89) | 1.17 (0.42) | n = 6 | 30.73 (3.53) | 55.20 (2.12) | n = 4 | ||
| F | 0.09 | 4.06 | 0.04 | 4.60 | 5.80 | 1.19 | ||||
| p | 0.774 | 0.072 (*) | 0.840 | 0.058 (*) | 0.053 (*) | 0.318 | ||||
| AUDITORY | Field L | Male | 243.17 (28.56) | 27.58 (2.46) | 5.58 (0.79) | 4.92 (0.83) | n = 6 | 34.78 (5.47) | 59.23 (1.25) | n = 6 |
| AREAS | Female | 279.70 (18.77) | 30.50 (2.07) | 5.20 (0.64) | 4.20 (0.60) | n = 5 | 30.86 (1.35) | 57.18 (1.83) | n = 6 | |
| F | 1.04 | 0.78 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.85 | ||||
| p | 0.335 | 0.400 | 0.723 | 0.519 | 0.053 (*) | 0.318 | ||||
| DLM | Male | 244.80 (11.01) | 44.80 (3.42) | 5.10 (1.29) | 4.60 (1.22) | n = 5 | 26.48 (2.04) | 55.56 (1.86) | n = 6 | |
| Female | 271.10 (19.88) | 46.80 (7.09) | 7.50 (1.95) | 7.20 (2.02) | n = 5 | 28.42 (4.28) | 56.80 (1.10) | n = 6 | ||
| F | 1.04 | 0.06 | 1.05 | 1.22 | 0.17 | 0.33 | ||||
| p | 0.337 | 0.806 | 0.334 | 0.302 | 0.691 | 0.579 | ||||
| MLD | Male | 264.00 (19.42) | 11.88 (2.33) | 12.88 (2.25) | 2.63 (0.52) | n = 4 | 42.00 (6.98) | 55.35 (0.92) | n = 6 | |
| Female | 261.50 (22.91) | 13.17 (1.90) | 11.83 (1.17) | 4.00 (0.56) | n = 6 | 41.17 (2.88) | 56.62 (1.03) | n = 6 | ||
| F | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 2.86 | 0.00 | 0.79 | ||||
| p | 0.941 | 0.679 | 0.663 | 0.129 | 0.990 | 0.396 | ||||
| VISUAL | ROT | Male | 142.00 (10.18) | 29.58 (4.39) | 12.75 (2.34) | 9.00 (2.09) | n = 6 | 23.66 (3.13) | 54.04 (2.72) | n = 6 |
| AREAS | Female | 142.67 (9.59) | 28.92 (3.96) | 10.25 (1.91) | 7.67 (1.50) | n = 6 | 27.17 (2.24) | 52.95 (3.49) | n = 6 | |
| F | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 1.05 | 0.09 | ||||
| p | 0.957 | 0.853 | 0.391 | 0.593 | 0.330 | 0.768 | ||||
| SPL | Male | 174.00 (16.55) | 36.90 (5.17) | 11.50 (1.16) | 8.70 (0.84) | n = 5 | 23.51 (3.19) | 52.66 (2.76) | n = 6 | |
| Female | 177.67 (19.92) | 37.25 (3.96) | 10.83 (1.28) | 7.58 (0.79) | n = 6 | 25.07 (2.92) | 49.35 (2.06) | n = 6 | ||
| F | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 2.18 | 0.19 | 0.38 | ||||
| p | 0.813 | 0.927 | 0.563 | 0.173 | 0.672 | 0.551 | ||||
| SP | Male | 238.50 (21.44) | 35.42 (3.57) | 20.25 (3.18) | 18.08 (3.22) | n = 6 | 22.86 (2.57) | 52.69 (3.69) | n = 6 | |
| Female | 217.42 (23.30) | 38.50 (2.76) | 21.17 (2.03) | 18.50 (1.76) | n = 6 | 24.21 (2.76) | 53.17 (3.40) | n = 6 | ||
| F | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.02 | ||||
| p | 0.457 | 0.484 | 0.735 | 0.886 | 0.683 | 0.891 | ||||
In each case the table lists the mean + SEM (in parentheses) of values in males and females, followed by the associated F and p obtained in the corresponding ANOVA (see methods for detail of statistical analyses). The sample size in each case is indicated in a last column separately for all cell counts first and then for PNN intensity and fractional areas.
*** = p<0.001
** = p<0.01, = p<0.05 and
(*) = 0.10<p<0.05.