(A) Southern blot analysis of Ha-annexin. Genomic DNA from H. avenae was digested with BamHI and EcoRI, respectively, and probed with the Dig-labeled CDS of Ha-annexin. They had 3 and 2 signal strips, respectively. (B) In situ hybridization of the Ha-annexin transcripts in pre-parasitic second-stage juveniles. Signal of antisense Ha-annexin DIG-Labeled cDNA probes localized within the subventral glands (SVGs), with sense probes as a negative control. The SVG, metacorpus (M), and stylet (S) are indicated with arrows. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Developmental expression pattern of Ha-annexin. The relative expression level of Ha-annexin was quantified using qPCR for six different H. avenae stages. The fold change values were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method and presented as the change in mRNA level in various nematode developmental stages relative to that of egg. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent assays with standard deviation. preJ2: pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile; parJ2, J3 and J4: parasitic second-, third- and fourth-stage juvenile, respectively.