Fig 4. Effects of eIF4E-1 and eIF4G2 knockdown on spermatogenesis.

Phase-contrast micrographs of squash preparations (left panel) and the corresponding Hoescht staining (right panel). As compared with the wild-type (A-B'), testes expressing shRNA targeting eIF4E-1 (C-D') and eIF4G2 (G) in the spermatocytes using bam-Gal4:VP16 driver show defects in nuclear condensation and cytokinesis, while knockdown of eIF4G2 using nos-Gal4:VP16 driver (E-F') results in defective cytokinesis. The nuclei in prophase I, anaphase I and onion stage spermatids are marked by arrows in magenta, yellow and red, respectively. The arrowhead (yellow) shows the nebenkern in panels B & B', D & D' and E' & E' while the mitochondrial structure in elongated spermatids and spermatocytes is marked in F & F' and G & G', respectively. Note the three chromosome clumps in B', C' and D'.