. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015 Jan 21;108(1):170–178. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.12.019

Table 3.

Secondary Outcome Measures in Matched Cohort

	Mean Change in Body Mass Index, kg/m² (95% CI)			Difference in Mean Change (95% CI) for Early vs. Delayed Treatment Groups
	Mean Change in Body Mass Index, kg/m² (95% CI)			Unadjusted	Adjusted^a
Early Treatment	-1.12 (-1.25, -0.99)			-0.45 (-0.64, -0.27) P<0.001	-0.46 (-0.64, -0.29) P<0.001
Delayed Treatment	-0.67 (-0.80, -0.53)			ref	ref
	Treatment Intensification^b			Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for Early vs. Delayed Treatment Groups
	Events, n	Person Years (PY)	Events per 1,000 PY	Unadjusted	Adjusted^a
Early Treatment	233	2,961.3	78.7	0.74 (0.63, 0.88) P<0.001	0.72 (0.61, 0.85) P<0.001
Delayed Treatment	305	2,879.9	105.9	ref	ref
	Metformin Dose Titrations			Incident Rate Ratio (95% CI) for Early vs. Delayed Treatment Groups
	Events, n	Person Years (PY)	Events per 1,000 PY	Unadjusted	Adjusted^a
Early Treatment	576	2,395.5	240.4	0.91 (0.81, 1.01) P=0.089	0.90 (0.81, 0.99) P=0.041
Delayed Treatment	623	2,437.3	255.6	ref	ref

CI, confidence interval

Adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline hemoglobin A1c and body mass index, diabetic complications, daily dose, time to follow-up, CCI score, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking status, payer type, and socioeconomic status

Addition or substitution of a second antihyperglycemic agent