Table 4. Neurological sequelae of infants with invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease at 3 and 6 month visits.
| Cases | Controls | Univariate-OR (95%CI) 1 | p-value | Multivariate-OR (95%CI) 2 | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | Meningitis | Overall | ||||||
| 3 months | n = 49 | n = 19 | n = 68 | n = 262 | ||||
| Overall 3 | 3 (6.1) | 6 (31.6) | 9 (13.2) | 1 (0.4) | 39.81 (5.27–1751.09) | <0.001 | 21.48 (2.58–179.15) | 0.005 |
| Abnormal Denver-II assessment 4 | 2 (4.1) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (4.4) | 1 (0.4) | ||||
| Hypertonia/hyper-reflexia 5 | 1 (2.0) | 5 (26.3) | 6 (8.9) | 0 | ||||
| 6 months | n = 51 | n = 17 | n = 68 | n = 232 | ||||
| Overall | 5 (9.8) | 4 (23.5) | 9 (13.2) | 1 (0.4) | 35.24 (4.66–1550.57) | <0.001 | 13.18 (1.44–120.95) | 0.023 |
| Abnormal Denver-II assessment | 4 (7.8) | 1 (5.9) | 5 (7.4) | 1 (0.4) | ||||
| Hypertonia/hyper-reflexia | 1 (2.0) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (5.9) | 0 | ||||
1 Univariate-OR(95%CI)- calculated Odds ratio with 95% confidence using Fischer exact test comparing overall cases and controls
2 Multivariate-OR(95%CI)- calculated Odds ratio with 95% confidence using conditional logistic regression (adjusted for gender. gestational age, birth weight ≥2500, perinatal asphyxia, ventilation at presentation, HIV-status and previous non-GBS admissions).
3Number (%) of cases and controls with neurological sequelae based on abnormal Denver-II assessments and hypertonia/hyper-reflexia.
4Abnormal Denver-II assessments in four tested domains (Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Language and Personal/Social).
5Hypertonia and/or hyper-reflexia on neurological examination of infant with a normal Denver-II assessment.