Table 4.

30-Days morbidity & mortality. Dindo–Clavien scoring system.

Dindo–Clavien classification Definition	% of patients (n°)
Grade I – Any deviation from normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacologic treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiologic interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens are drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics and diuretics, and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.	12% (6/50)
Grade II – Requiring pharmacologic treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included.	8% (4/50)
Grade III – Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiologic intervention. IIIa – Intervention not under general anesthesia IIIB – Intervention under general anesthesia	4% (2/50) 2% (1/50) 2% (1/50)
Grade IV – Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications) requiring IC/ICU management. IVa – Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis) IVb – Multiorgan dysfunction	– –
Grade V – Death of the patient	–
Overall	24% (12/50)

CNS: Central Nervous System; IC: Intermediate Care; ICU: Intensive Care Unit.