Exhibit 3.

Factors Associated With Knowledge Of Device Costs Of Orthopedic Residents At Seven Academic Medical Centers, December 2012 – March 2013

		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	Costs correctly estimated	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Site
A	18.9%	—a	—a	—a	—a
B	19.1	1.01	0.71, 1.46	—b	—b
C	13.5	0.67	0.45, 1.01	—c	—c
D	19.0	1.01	0.71, 1.44	—b	—b
E	18.4	0.97	0.69, 1.37	—b	—b
F	14.4	0.72	0.51, 1.02	—b	—b
G	16.0	0.81	0.56, 1.18	—b	—b
Postgraduate year
1 or 2	14.6	—a	—a	—a	—a
3 or higher	18.3	1.31***	1.09, 1.57	1.24**	1.01, 1.50
Prior participation in device cost activities at the institution
No	16.7	—a	—a	—c	—c
Yes	20.3	1.27	0.88, 1.84	—b	—b
Device regularly used
No	15.3	—a	—a	—a	—a
Yes	19.2	1.31***	1.10, 1.56	1.17	0.97, 1.42
Device cost
Low (<$500)	16.1	—a	—a	—a	—a
Medium ($500-$5,000)	19.8	1.29**	1.03, 1.60	1.29**	1.04, 1.60
High (>$5,000)	13.3	0.80	0.62, 1.03	0.82	0.63, 1.05

SOURCE Authors’ calculations. NOTES The seven sites are listed in the text. Specific sites are not identified here to protect respondents’ confidentiality. OR is odds ratio. CI is confidence interval.

^aReference category.

^b[Please provide].

^cNot [please provide].

^*p < 0.10

^***p < 0.01