Table 2.
Determinants of modern contraceptives use among rural women of reproductive age in the Upper East Region of Ghana
| Contraceptive use among 15–45 year old women in UER | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | N = 5511 | Unadjusted odds ratio 95% CI | Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI | P = value |
| Exposure to nearest health facility | ||||
| <2 km | 4796 (87.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| > = 2 km | 715 (13.0) | 0.67 (0.51, 0.88) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.98) | 0.035 |
| Level of education attained | ||||
| None | 3352 (60.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| Primary/JHS | 1877 (34.1) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.11) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.66) | 0.069 |
| SHS/Tertiary | 282 (5.1) | 1.83 (1.35, 2.47) | 1.76 (1.24, 2.50) | 0.002 |
| Mother’s age | ||||
| 15-19 | 1211 (21.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| 20-34 | 2449 (44.5) | 3.39 (2.58, 4.49) | 1.41 (0.89, 2.21) | 0.137 |
| 35- 49 | 1851 (33.6) | 2.42 (1.77, 3.31) | 1.07 (0.65, 1.76) | 0.799 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1804 (32.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Married/polygamous union | 1374 (24.9) | 1.65 (1.25, 2.20) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.43) | 0.923 |
| Married/monogamous union | 2272 (41.2) | 2.74 (2.17, 3.45) | 1.56 (1.17, 2.07) | 0.003 |
| Owned functional mobile phone | ||||
| No | 4002 (72.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes, Seen | 795 (14.4) | 2.15 (1.72, 2.68) | 1.67 (1.31, 2.13) | <0.001 |
| Yes, not seen | 714 (13.0) | 1.49 (1.16, 1.90) | 1.20 (0.91, 1.58) | 0.185 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 716 (13.0) | 1 | ||
| Rural | 4795 (87.0) | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | * | |
| Religious Affiliation | ||||
| Christianity | 3073 (55.8) | 1 | ||
| Traditional | 728 (13.2) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) | * | |
| Islam | 1508 (27.4) | 0.84 (0.64, 1.09) | * | |
| No Religion | 202 (3.6) | 0.73 (0.39, 1.37) | * | |
| Wealth index** | ||||
| Poor | 3495 (63.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| None poor | 2016 (36.6) | 1.46 (1.21, 1.76) | 1.31 (1.08, 1.58) | 0.007 |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 1532 (27.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| 1-4 | 2279 (41.4) | 3.41 (2.58, 4.51) | 2.62 (1.67, 4.07) | <0.001 |
| 5+ | 1700 (30.8) | 2.51 (1.89, 3.34) | 3.01 (1.89, 4.80) | <0.001 |
| Reproductive preferences | ||||
| Using for spacing | 3835 (69.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Using for limiting | 972 (17.6) | 3.64 (1.33, 9.94) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | 0.678 |
| Undecided | 501 (9.1) | 4.03 (1.45, 11.19) | 1.37 (0.93, 2.02) | 0.114 |
| Can’t get preg/NA | 203 (3.7) | 3.89 (1.39, 10.89) | 0.32 (0.11, 0.91) | 0.033 |
*Not statistically significant at 5 percent level of significance.
**“Poor” represents the Poorest, Poorer and Poor wealth quintiles and “None Poor” represents the Less Poor and Least poor wealth quintile.