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. 2015 Apr 8;9:112. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00112

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Copyright © 2015 Carpenter, Jalloh and Hutchinson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic depiction of two neuroenergetics models under consideration to account for the 1:1 flux relationship between increments in the rate of glutamate/glutamine cycling (V_cyc) and the TCA cycle flux in neurons (V_TCAn). (A) ANLS-type model (Model 1). (B) Independent-type model (Model 2) in which neurons and astrocytes take up and oxidize glucose according to their respective energy needs. Phosphorylated glucose not oxidized within the cell may be effluxed as lactate, V_Lac(efflux), which is shown by dashed lines. The results of this study in rat brain suggested that neurons are capable of supporting a substantial fraction of their substrate requirements by direct uptake and phosphorylation of glucose. Originally published by Patel et al. (2014) in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 5385–5390, and reproduced with permission from Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.