Table 2.
Raw scores of primary cognitive outcome measures for all participants at baseline and after the training.
| Processing speed measures |
Processing speed and WM (SDMT) | WM measures |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic alertness (TAP alertness A) | Phasic alertness (TAP alertness B) | Visual WM (corsi blocks bw) | Verbal WM (digit span bw) | |||||||
| Case | Baseline | Post-training | Baseline | Post-training | Baseline | Post-training | Baseline | Post-training | Baseline | Post-training |
| TG1 | 266.5 | 242.0 | 251.5 | 217.0 | 50.5 | 54.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 5.0a | 5.0 |
| TG2 | 285.5 | 260.0 | 280.5a | 264.0 | 65.0 | 75.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 |
| TG3 | 293.0 | 293.0 | 247.5 | 248.0 | 56.5 | 59.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 |
| TG4 | 242.0 | 227.0 | 233.5 | 204.0 | 45.5 | 61.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
| TG5 | 276.5 | 271.0 | 312.0a | 307.0 | 57.5 | 66.0 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 |
| TG6 | 255.0 | 246.0 | 258.0 | 242.0 | 63.0 | 72.0 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
| CG1 | 214.0 | 223.0 | 220.5 | 223.0 | 56.5 | 55.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 11.0 |
| CG2 | 272.0 | 243.0 | 301.5a | 235.0 | 56.5 | 59.0 | 7.0a | 9.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| CG3 | 235.5 | 249.0 | 228.0 | 232.0 | 65.5 | 67.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 11.0 |
| CG4 | 235.0 | 268.0 | 259.5 | 243.0 | 47.5 | 43.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 |
Improvements from baseline to post-training are highlighted in gray.
Alertness (TAP) scores represent reaction times.
bw, backward; WM, working memory; TG, training group; CG, control group.
aClinically meaningful baseline values (PR < 16 for alertness and WM tasks; z < −1.68 for the SDMT).