Figure 4.

Respiratory quotient (A) and relative contribution of fatty acids (B) and carbohydrates (C) to energy expenditure was not altered on day 7 of continuous infusion of nesfatin-1. However, the effect of nesfatin-1 on average O₂ consumption (D), CO₂ production (E), and energy expenditure (F) was reduced during the light phase of the seventh treatment day. The dark cycle in each panel occurred from 1900 to 0700 h, while the light cycle was from 0700 to 1900 h next day. Data are represented as means ± SEM with an n = 4 rats/group. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 compared to control.