Table 1.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of Praziquantel in grass carp (n = 5)

		Plasma		Muscle		Liver		Kidney
Parameter	Unit	Fresh water	Brackish water	Fresh water	Brackish water	Fresh water	Brackish water	Fresh water	Brackish water
Cmax	ug/(g or ml)	0.91	0.76	0.62	0.51	3.87	2.70	3.39	2.99
Tmax	h	0.5	0.5	0.5	1	0.5	0.5	1	1
t1/2α	h	3.25	1.85	0.31	1.12	0.35	2.69	0.76	2.87
t1/2β	h	71.15	56.46	44.88	36.17	23.86	15.31	150.23	132.64
t1/2Ka	h	0.16	0.028	0.058	0.57	0.15	0.031	0.307	0.64
V1/F	L/kg	23.57	30.15	21.53	22.22	28.38	97.33	34.30	87.17
CL/F	L/h/kg	0.755	1.042	1.961	0.974	0.481	0.308	1.878	0.350
AUC(0-t)	μg/L⋅h	17.951	14.614	8.096	6.865	34.984	44.047	10.411	38.663
AUC(0-∞)	μg/L⋅h	26.464	19.189	10.196	20.515	41.547	64.823	10.645	57.132
K10	1/h	0.064	0.035	0.091	0.044	0.17	0.048	0.34	0.16
K12	1/h	0.235	0.212	1.574	0.474	1.469	0.113	2.034	0.754
K21	1/h	0.104	0.14	0.548	0.103	0.355	0.036	0.245	0.042
Ka	1/h	4.201	25.183	11.951	1.203	4.537	22.106	2.26	1.082

C_max, the peak concentration in plasma; T_max, the time point of the drug’s maximum plasma concentration; t_1/2α, distribution half-life of the drug; t_1/2β, elimination half-life of the drug; t_1/2Ka, absorption half-life of the drug; V1/F, extensive apparent volume of the central compartment; CL/F, total body clearance of the drug; AUC_(0-t), area under the concentration–time curve from 0 h to t; AUC_(0-∞), area under the concentration–time curve from 0 h to ∞; K12, K21, first-order rate constants for drug distribution between the central and peripheral compartments; K10, elimination rate constant from the central compartment; Ka, absorption rate constant.