Effect of wP, thermal niche width of plant and ΔT temperature change on persistence time for (a) ΔT = 4 and (b) ΔT = 8. Persistence time plotted versus plant thermal niche width wP for the herbivore (solid line), plant with H (dotted line) and plant without H (small dashed line). Traits are correlated here, therefore, at high values of plant thermal niche width wP with H, there exists both a high-trait value singular strategy ss and a low-trait value ss for the plant and herbivore. Parameters are: σ = 3 and μ = 10−3.5. (Online version in colour.)